Black-bellied Gnateater
Conopophaga melanogaster
Large gnateater with striking plumage. Note the bold white eyebrow. Males have a black head and underparts contrasting with chestnut wings and back; on females the black is replaced by gray. Occurs patchily in humid forest with dense understory, especially bamboo, where it forages on the ground and in the understory. The song is a short angry rattle.
识别特征
The black-bellied gnateater is 13 to 15.8 cm (5.1 to 6.2 in) long and weighs 37 to 43.5 g (1.31 to 1.53 oz). The male's entire head and most of the under parts are black, becoming dark gray on the lower belly and crissum (the area around the cloaca). Its upper parts are rich chestnut. There is a long white tuft behind the eye. The female's face and most of the under parts are gray. It also has chestnut upper parts, including the neck and crown, but those areas are browner. It has a white throat and a much smaller white tuft behind the eye.
分类信息
The position of the black-bellied gnateater in linear format is unsettled. The International Ornithological Committee (IOC) and the Clements taxonomy place it differently within the gnateater family. The species is monotypic.
- 学名
- Conopophaga melanogaster
- 命名信息
- Ménétriés, 1835
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Conopophagidae
- 属
- Conopophaga
分布与栖息地
The black-bellied gnateater is endemic to Brazil. (A single 1889 specimen from Bolivia has been attributed to this species, but it was described as a different one. No other occurrences of black-bellied gnateater in Bolivia have been reported.) Its range includes two disjunct areas within the south-central Amazon Basin. One population occurs south of the Amazon from the eastern bank of the northeast flowing Madeira River east to the lower Tapajós River and south to the northern parts of Rondônia and Mato Grosso states. The other population also occurs south of the Amazon, between the Xingu River and the lower Tocantins River.<p>The black-bellied gnateater inhabits thick vegetation in terra firme forest. It prefers vine tangles and second-growth palms and bamboo, and appears to favor streamcourses.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The black-bellied gnateater's diet is arthropods but the details have not been documented. Its breeding phenology has not been described. Its song is a "series of up to 5 short, dry, rattles" [1]. Its call notes are "low grunts, barks, or short rattles" [2].
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Little Rock-Thrush
Monticola rufocinereus
A small rock-thrush with blue-gray upperparts and hood and an orange belly. The tail has a black-and-orange “T” pattern that is conspicuous in flight. Males and females vary slightly: males are cleaner blue-gray above, while females are more brownish. Found locally in a variety of habitats with a mix of rocks, trees, and bushes. Sometimes also on and around human structures. Similar to redstarts, but easily distinguished by the clean gray hood and the lack of black on the face. Also similar to male Rufous-tailed Rock-Thrush, but smaller, lacking white on the back, and with a more extensive gray hood. The quiet song consists of musical phrases that can be short or quite long.
Silvery-fronted Tapaculo
Scytalopus argentifrons
Tapaculos are small, plump, short-tailed, mostly gray birds that are as sneaky as mice. Silvery-fronted is the only tapaculo in its range, and the male has a distinctive whitish eyebrow. Also look for browner flanks with dark bars. Females don’t have the white eyebrow but are still distinctive in range because of the overall dark color and extremely furtive habits. Rarely seen well; stays on or near the ground in the forest understory. Listen for the song: a series of chips starting off fast, gradually getting slower and louder.
Island Canary
Serinus canaria
Restricted to the Azores, Canary Islands, and Madeira. Slightly bigger than European Serin and yellow-green overall with a pale bill, and a dark forked tail. Has a streaky rump, but this can be hard to see. Males are greenish-yellow below while females are duller and grayer on the breast and neck. The song is very melodic and rich. Found in forests, plantations, gardens, and orchards, sometimes gathering in flocks. Introduced to the Midway Atoll, where coloration ranges from unstreaked bright yellow to almost white.
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