Shovel-billed Kookaburra
Dacelo rex
A huge, rare kingfisher of rainforest interior from lowlands to mid-mountains. Its unnaturally large bill makes it look almost unrecognisable as a kingfisher. Dark wing and head, rufous belly, broad collar and stripe behind the eye, white throat and a large blue rump. Uses its huge bill for unearthing its invertebrate prey on bare areas on the forest floor. Superficially similar to Rufous-bellied Kookaburra but has a dark instead of blue wing and a much deeper bill. Call, a far-carrying, medium-pitched, incessant piping “peeep!”.
识别特征
The shovel-billed kookaburra (Dacelo rex), also known as the shovel-billed kingfisher, is a large, approximately 33 cm (13 in) long, dark brown tree kingfisher with a heavy, short, and broad bill that is unique among the kingfishers. It has a dark head with a rufous (reddish/brown or rust coloured) stripe behind the eyes, a white throat, a rufous neck collar and underparts, a bright blue rump, brown iris, brownish-black bill with paler mandible (entire bill often appears brownish due to earth), and pale feet. Both sexes are similar in appearance, but are easily recognized from the colour of the tail. The male has a dark bluish tail while female's is rufous. The juvenile has a female-like plumage with scale-patterned feathers. Formerly considered the sole representative of the genus Clytoceyx, a molecular phylogenetic study published in 2017 found that the shovel-billed kookaburra nested with the kookaburras in the genus Dacelo. It was reclassified into Dacelo by the International Ornithological Congress in 2023. The shovel-billed kookaburra is endemic to New Guinea. No subspecies are recognised because the differences in plumage between the races imperator and septentrionalis is small. It primarily occurs in hill forests, but has been recorded from sea-level up to an altitude of 2400 m (7850 ft). The shovel-billed kookaburra finds its food in mud or on moist ground. The diet consists mainly of earthworms, snails, beetles, lizards, and insects. It is inconspicuous and infrequently seen. It is likely that it is partially crepuscular. Widespread but uncommon throughout a large part of New Guinea, the shovel-billed kookaburra has a wide range and no special threats have been identified, so the bird is evaluated as being of Least Concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
分类信息
Genus: Dacelo; Family: Alcedinidae; Order: Coraciiformes.
- 学名
- Dacelo rex
- 命名信息
- (Sharpe, 1880)
- 目
- Coraciiformes
- 科
- Alcedinidae
- 属
- Dacelo
分布与栖息地
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
Migration pattern: Resident species.
保护状况
Population trend: stable.
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
其他鸟类
Yellow Flycatcher
Erythrocercus holochlorus
A small and colorful flycatcher with olive-yellow upperparts and yellow underparts. Found in lowland forest, mostly in the canopy. Often joins mixed-species flocks. Somewhat similar to yellow-warblers, but much smaller and found in different habitats. Similar to Livingstone’s Flycatcher, but there is very little overlap in range, and can easily be separated by the olive-green rather than rufous tail. Vocalizes frequently, giving high-pitched, chittering calls and a quick whistled song.
Black-eared Sparrow-Lark
Eremopterix australis
A small, compact finch-like sociable lark that is nomadic, and often irrupts in large numbers after good rains. The sexes differ in plumage: the distinctive male is mostly black, including under the wings, with chestnut-sprinkled upperparts; the female is reddish-brown above and streaked underneath. Small to medium-sized flocks (often mixed with Gray-backed Sparrow-Lark) can appear in grassy shrubland in the Karoo and Kalahari, where dark males are conspicuous when they fly up on broad wings and flap slowly in the fashion of a butterfly. They drop to the ground and land on bare patches, where they shuffle along foraging for seeds and insects. The female Black-eared Sparrow-Lark is told apart from other female sparrow-larks by its all-dark underwings in flight and the lack of a black belly patch.
Pinyon Jay
Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus
This jay has a dusty-looking blue body and a brighter cerulean face. Shorter tail and longer, more sharply pointed bill than other jays. Very social, usually found in flocks sometimes containing dozens or hundreds of individuals. Prefers open forests with pinyon pine and juniper. Feeds almost exclusively on pine seeds, which it stashes by the thousands and retrieves months later. Gives a variety of rather clear nasal calls, as well as rougher notes.
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