Eurasian Thick-knee
Burhinus oedicnemus
Large bizarre shorebird of open stony heathland and dry grassland. Active mainly at night and spends the day sitting inconspicuously; thus, overlooked easily. Distinctive appearance, with rather large size, streaky brown plumage, big yellow eyes, and thick yellow legs; black-and-white wing pattern shows in flight. Loud piping calls given mainly at night may suggest curlew or oystercatcher.
识别特征
The Eurasian stone-curlew is a fairly large wader, though mid-sized by the standards of its family. Length ranges from 38 to 46 cm (15 to 18 in), wingspan from 76 to 88 cm (30 to 35 in) and weight from 290 to 535 g (10.2 to 18.9 oz). with a strong yellow and black beak, large yellow eyes (which give it a "reptilian", or "goggle-eyed" appearance), and cryptic plumage. The bird is striking in flight, with black and white wing markings.
分类信息
The Eurasian stone-curlew was formally described by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae under the binomial name Charadrius oedicnemus. He specified the locality as England. The name Oedicnemus had been used earlier by the French naturalist Pierre Belon in 1655. The species is now placed in the genus Burhinus that was introduced by the German zoologist Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger in 1811. The genus name combines the Greek bous meaning "ox" with rhis meaning "nose". The species name oedicnemus combines the Greek oidio meaning "to swell", and kneme meaning "shin" or "leg", referring to the bird's prominent tibiotarsal joints, which also give it the common name of "thick-knee". This is an abbreviated form of Thomas Pennant's 1776 coinage "thick-kneed bustard".<p>The name "stone curlew" was recorded by Francis Willughby in 1678 as a "third sort of Godwit, which in Cornwall they call the Stone-Curlew, differing from the precedent in that it hath a much shorter and slenderer Bill than either of them". It derives from the bird's nocturnal calls sounding like the only distantly related Eurasian curlew Numenius arquata and its preference for barren stony heaths.<p>Five subspecies are recognised:<p>The Indian stone-curlew Burhinus indicus was previously considered as a subspecies of the Eurasian stone-curlew.
- 学名
- Burhinus oedicnemus
- 命名信息
- (Linnaeus, 1758)
- 目
- Charadriiformes
- 科
- Burhinidae
- 属
- Burhinus
分布与栖息地
The Eurasian stone-curlew occurs throughout Europe, north Africa and southwestern Asia. It is a summer migrant in the more temperate European and Asian parts of its range, wintering in Africa. Despite being classed as a wader, this species prefers dry open habitats with some bare ground.
- 迁徙
- Complete migrants
行为
Migration pattern: Complete migrants.
保护状况
Population trend: declining.
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Bar-throated Apalis
Apalis thoracica
Slim, pretty, long-tailed member of the cisticola family. Shows considerable geographic variation; the back can be olive-green or gray, the crown brown or gray, and the underparts white or yellow. Always shows a white eye, a black band across the chest, and white outer tail feathers. In most of its range, confined to montane forest. In South Africa, also found in dense woodland and thicket. The song varies geographically, but in general, is a duet in which the male gives repeated “chrup” notes while the female gives rapid-fire higher notes.
Rose-breasted Grosbeak
Pheucticus ludovicianus
Breeding adult males are striking black and white with bright red triangle on breast. Nonbreeding males, females, and immatures are streaky below with a bold head pattern. Always look for the very thick, pale pinkish bill. Fairly common and widespread in eastern North America, especially in deciduous forests. Winters to northern South America. Visits feeders. Listen for sweet robinlike song and squeaky call. Females are sometimes confused with Purple Finch but note much larger overall size, large pinkish bill, and bolder white markings on wings. Also compare females and immature males with extremely similar Black-headed Grosbeak, which is usually identifiable by range. Rose-breasted usually has more extensive, coarser streaking on underparts and usually lacks orange tones.
American Kestrel
Falco sparverius
Petite falcon roughly the same size as Mourning Dove, but with a larger head and wider tail. In flight, note long, narrow wings and square-tipped tail. Often seen perched on telephone wires, along roadsides, in open country with short vegetation and few trees. From a perch or hovering, they usually drop to the ground to snatch small mammals and insects. Nests in cavities. Widespread across the Americas.
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