Two-banded Puffbird
Hypnelus bicinctus
Bulky, thick-billed bird of dry and semi-humid forest and scrub, mainly east of the Andes. Plumage is quite striking with white face patch, tan throat, and multiple bands on the underparts. Similar to Russet-throated Puffbird, which is mostly found west and north of the Andes, but always shows two or three bands (not just one), with the upper band wrapping around the throat. Often found in pairs that sit in the open on large branches, fences, and other conspicuous perches before sallying out after a wide variety of prey. Song is a long series of whistles or clucks. Male and female may sing together in a noisy, chaotic duet. Formerly considered a subspecies group of Russet-throated Puffbird.
识别特征
The adult of the nominate subspecies of two-banded puffbird has a dark brown crown with pale brown spots, a buffy patch from the bill to the eye, a whitish patch on the cheek, and a black patch below and behind the white one. The nape has a narrow whitish collar. The upperparts are dull brown with whitish mottling while the closed wing is dull brown with whitish scallops. The tail is long and dark brown with thin pale edges to the feathers. The chin is whitish and the throat and upper breast reddish buff. Under them are two black bands across the chest. The rest of the belly is reddish buff with black spots on its upper edge and the flanks are whitish with large black spots. H. b. stoicus is similar but slightly browner and paler above, has a less dramatically marked face, and has buff tips to the feathers of the upper breastband.
分类信息
The taxonomy of the two-banded puffbird is unsettled. The International Ornithological Committee (IOC) and BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) consider it a species. They assign two subspecies, the nominate H. b. bicinctus and H. b. stoicus. However, the Clements taxonomy treats the two as subspecies of the russet-throated puffbird (H. ruficollis). The South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society (SACC) recognizes that treating H. bicinctus as a species might be valid but has not received a formal proposal for the split.
- 学名
- Hypnelus bicinctus
- 命名信息
- (Gould, 1837)
- 目
- Piciformes
- 科
- Bucconidae
- 属
- Hypnelus
分布与栖息地
The nominate subspecies of two-banded puffbird is found in the llanos of northeastern Colombia and into northern Venezuela almost to Lake Maracaibo on the west, east to near the Guyana border, and south slightly into Amazonas and Bolívar states. H. b. stoicus is found only on Margarita Island off the central Venezuelan coast. On the mainland it inhabits open and near open landscapes including the llanos savanna, thickets, abandoned farms, and the edges of deciduous woodland. It occurs almost exclusively below 500 m (1,600 ft) of elevation. On Margarita it inhabits bushland and woods from plains into the foothills. No seasonal movements have been documented, though its habitat undergoes seasonal changes. It sometimes is common in an area and then vacates it for several years.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The two-banded puffbird still-hunts from a high open perch or a lower shaded one. It sallies to capture its prey; its diet has not been fully documented but is known to include insects.<p>The two-banded puffbird's breeding season appears to include May and June, though details are lacking. It excavates a burrow in an arboreal termitarium. Its clutch size has not been determined, but that of its former conspecific russet-throated puffbird is three eggs.<p>The two-banded puffbird's song is "a rhythmic repeated 'tak-ta-tóoo'" and its call "a croaking note, surpisingly loud" that is sometimes given in flight.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Orange River Francolin
Scleroptila gutturalis
Medium-sized, beautifully-patterned francolin. Shows rufous patches in the wings in flight. Found on the ground in areas with thick grass, including pure grassland and open savanna. Shy and retiring. Loud call is a quickly repeated “chuk-a-cheiw”. Similar to several other francolin species, which also show rufous in the wing. Lacks the belly barring of Shelley’s Francolin, has a black necklace unlike Red-winged Francolin, and found at lower elevations than the mountain-dwelling Moorland Francolin.
Orange-spotted Bulbul
Pycnonotus bimaculatus
Attractive bulbul of foothill and montane forest edges and clearings. Endemic to Sumatra, Java, and Bali; introduced to Lombok. Brown above and white below, with bright orange patches on the face and a golden-yellowish tinge to the wings and cheeks. Also note the weak crest, which is not always raised. Generally unmistakable in its range; only confusion species is Aceh Bulbul, but note present species’ pale belly and range differences. Often gathers at fruiting trees. Call is a hard, decisive-sounding “tjik”, often given in series. Song is a bubbly series of bright fluid notes, often given with a somewhat hesitant quality.
Yellow-throated Nicator
Nicator vireo
A shy but loud bird of forests and forest edges that usually stays within cover. Shaped like a greenbul, but has a thicker, more robust bill. Shows grayish underparts, greenish upperparts, yellow spots on the tips of the flight feathers and upperwing coverts, a yellow throat, and yellow lores. Similar to the larger Western Nicator, but note Yellow-throated’s smaller size, yellow throat and lores, and distinctive song, which often betrays its presence: a sputtering series of notes that can be surprisingly resonant and loud, a “p-p-p-po-keer-ko-wheeeer-pop” and other variations. Call is a growling trill, “prrrrrr.”
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