Tawny Tit-Spinetail
Sylviorthorhynchus yanacensis
Small, bright cinnamon bird with a long tail. Found at high elevations in pockets of short Polylepis forests and scrub, usually surrounded by grasslands or barren rock. Forages singly or in pairs in shrubs, calling and singing frequently; listen for high-pitched chips and twitters, as well as its song, an accelerating series of high, metallic notes.
识别特征
The tawny tit-spinetail is 16 to 17.5 cm (6.3 to 6.9 in) long and weighs 10 to 12 g (0.35 to 0.42 oz). The sexes have the same plumage. Adults have a mostly bright cinnamon buff face with a tawny rufous forehead and a tawny brown crown. The Peruvian poplulation has a narrow buff supercilium while that of Bolivian birds is whitish. Their back is tawny brown and their rump and uppertail coverts are rufous. Their wing coverts are dusky with rufous edges and their flight feathers are dusky brown with much rufous on their outer webs. Their tail is graduated and rufous. Their underparts are bright cinnamon buff, somewhat paler in Bolivian birds than Peruvian ones. Their iris is brown, their bill dark brown to black, and their legs and feet dark gray to blackish.
分类信息
The tawny tit-spinetail was first placed in genus Leptasthenura but genetic data published in 2011 places it firmly in genus Sylviorthorhynchus. It shares the genus with Des Murs's wiretail (S. desmurii) and together they are sister species. <p>The tawny tit-spinetail is monotypic. However, the Peruvian and Bolivian populations have some plumage differences and there is speculation that they may represent different taxa.
- 学名
- Sylviorthorhynchus yanacensis
- 命名信息
- (Carriker, 1933)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Furnariidae
- 属
- Sylviorthorhynchus
分布与栖息地
The tawny tit-spinetail has a disjunct distribution. One population is found in the Cordillera Blanca of Peru's Department of Ancash and adjacent Department of Lima. A second is in the southern Peruvian departments of Apurímac, Cuzco, and [Puno. A third is found from La Paz Department in northern Bolivia south into Jujuy and Salta provinces in northwestern Argentina.<p>The tawny tit-spinetail primarily inhabits Polylepis woodland but also occurs in montane scrublands and some grasslands. In elevation it occurs between 3,950 and 4,600 m (13,000 and 15,100 ft) in Peru, between 2,800 and 4,200 m (9,200 and 13,800 ft) in Bolivia, and between 2,900 and 3,600 m (9,500 and 11,800 ft) in Argentina.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The tawny tit-spinetail is a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The tawny tit-spinetail's diet has not been detailed but it is known to be mostly arthropods with small amounts of plant material. It forages in pairs or in small groups that might be families and often join mixed-species feeding flocks. It usually forages by gleaning its prey from leaves, twigs, and the bark of branches. It sometimes hangs upside down to reach prey. It sometimes also forages on the ground.<p>The tawny tit-spinetail's breeding season has not been defined but includes November and December. The one known nest was a ball of grass stems with a side entrance, and lined with plant fibers, feathers, and threads. It was in a fork of a Polylepis tree 2.5 m (8 ft) above the ground. Both members of the pair constructed it. Nothing else is known about the species' breeding biology.<p>The tawny tit-spinetail's song is "a series of rapid, loud, sharp chips that accelerate into a chatter of variable length and delivery: tchp tchp tchp-tchi'tchi'tchi'tchi'tchi'tchi-tchp" . Other vocalizations are "various chatters tjiketjitjitjitjitjitjit-t-t-t, and short notes t-t-tjk-tjketjketjketjketjk-tjk, rrrip rrrip tjktjktjke rrhie tjktjke", "a short snarling eep", and "quiet, liquid tchp notes".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Bourke's Parrot
Neopsephotus bourkii
Small pale parrot of inland Australia woodlands, often found in mulga and acacia scrubland. Gray-brown scaly upperparts set off by unique pastel pink underparts and blue underwing and rump. In flight, note also the blue outer upperwing (primary flight feathers and their coverts). Often observed coming to drink: flocks usually visit a favorite water hole at dawn and dusk. Feeds on the ground in small groups but sometimes in large flocks of 50 or more birds. Calls include piercing, high-pitched whistles and chattering.
Cordilleran Parakeet
Psittacara frontatus
Mostly green parakeet with long pointed tail. Look for isolated red patch on forehead, pale eyering, and red shoulders. Sexes similar. Compare similar parakeets like Mitred and Red-masked which show different patterns of red on head. Found in small flocks from around 800-3000m, where they can occur in forest or open patchy woodland. Nests and roosts on cliffs. Formerly considered part of Scarlet-fronted Parakeet from northern South America. Occurs from southern Ecuador to southern Peru.
Nicaraguan Seed-Finch
Sporophila nuttingi
What this bird lacks in color, it makes up for with a ridiculously oversized bill. Male is all glossy black, female warm brown. Male’s bill is huge and pink, female’s is equally huge but dark gray. Larger overall size than other seed-finches and seedeaters. Could be mistaken for Thick-billed Seed-Finch but even larger bill should help with identification; also note lack of a white patch in the wing. Found in open habitats, especially fields with some scattered shrubs.
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