Rufous Potoo
Phyllaemulor bracteatus
Rarely observed, nocturnal bird of lowland rainforest. Considerably smaller than other potoos, and distinguished from them by bright rufous plumage spotted with white. Inhabits middle and upper levels of tall forest, especially in regions with sandy soils, where it sallies from exposed perches for flying insects. Roosts during the day on thin branches and camouflages itself remarkably well by swaying with the breeze as if to mimic a suspended dead leaf. Voice, unlike that of other potoos, is a rapid, descending series of hoots with a bubbling quality, given infrequently and only for short periods. Unlikely to be confused with anything else; plumage recalls Oilbird, but potoo is much smaller and perches vertically.
识别特征
The rufous potoo is 21 to 25 cm (8.3 to 9.8 in) long and weighs 46 to 58 g (1.6 to 2.0 oz). The rufous potoo is the smallest member of its family, and the most unusually colored. It is overall a deep orange-red with large white spots; the color is paler on the throat. The spots on the upper belly have a thin black border and the tail has darker bars. It has long bristles in the loral region. It resembles a dead leaf, an impression heightened by its vertical posture on a roost, where it gently sways.
分类信息
A 2009 publication suggested that the rufous potoo differed enough in cranial structure and genetic divergence from other potoos (in the genus Nyctibius) that it deserved to be in its own genus, Phyllaemulor. This genus was officially described by Costa et al. in 2018. As of 2022, the BirdLife International Handbook of the Birds of the World, the International Ornithological Committee (IOC), and the South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society (AOS-SACC) have followed in reclassified it into Phyllaemulor. The Clements taxonomy retains it in genus Nyctibius.<p>The rufous potoo is monotypic.
- 学名
- Phyllaemulor bracteatus
- 命名信息
- (Gould, 1846)
- 目
- Invalid Species Name
- 科
- Tyrannidae
- 属
- Phyllaemulor
分布与栖息地
The rufous potoo is found in Amazonia from Venezuela south to Peru and east into Brazil, French Guiana, and Guyana. The AOS-SACC also records it as "Hypothetical" in Bolivia. It is known only from scattered locations though it probably occurs more widely than them. It primarily inhabits forests on nutrient-poor soils such as those with high sand content and those in blackwater regions. It is mostly found in the under- and mid-stories of both primary and mature secondary terra firme forest. It also occurs in swampy palm forests of the Campinarana. In elevation it ranges only as high as 550 m (1,800 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The rufous potoo forages by sallying from a perch to capture flying insects, and usually returns to the same perch. It feeds on insects of at least five orders.<p>The rufous potoo's nesting season apparently spans from September to possibly February. Very few nests are known. The "nest" is unusual: The bird lays its single egg on top of a broken stub.<p>The rufous potoo's song is "a soft, rapidly descending series of roughly 10–15 notes: “bu-bu-bu-bu-bu-bu..." or "whooo, tooo, tooo, tooo, tooo, tooo, tooo, tooo, tooo, tooo, tooo, toot" that resembles the songs of some small owls. It mostly, and perhaps exclusively, sings during a few days around the full moon. It also makes "wup" or "urt" calls.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Dickinson's Kestrel
Falco dickinsoni
Medium-sized gray kestrel. Note the pale head, rump, and underwing, which are conspicuous in flight. Bright yellow eye ring and base of bill. Found in open savanna, preferring areas with baobabs and/or palms. Call is a repeated, vibrating “krrrr.” Similar to Gray Kestrel, but easily distinguished by paler head and underparts. Other small falcons do not have gray underparts.
Clapperton's Spurfowl
Pternistis clappertoni
A medium-sized, pale francolin with large patches of red bare skin around the eyes. Heavily marked with black and pale buff on the back, neck, and underparts. Found locally in a variety of savanna habitats and adjacent agricultural areas, often in pairs or small groups. Separated from most other francolins by the red facial skin. Similar to Harwood’s Francolin, but much paler overall, with a mostly black rather than red bill. The call is a rough “kreeya” that is repeated several times.
Citron-headed Yellow-Finch
Sicalis luteocephala
Striking and beautiful terrestrial finch-like tanager of the high Andes of central and southern Bolivian and extreme NW Argentina. Yellow head and mid chest and belly, contrasting sharply with mostly gray plumage, is distinctive. Prefers open habitats such as desert, gravel, and roadsides, where will form flocks, often mixed with other species of Yellow-Finches. Similar to Bright-rumped Yellow-Finch, but note mostly gray underparts on Citron-headed.
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