Angola Lark

Endemic to the island of Madeira, where it is largely restricted to native laurel and tree heath forests. Body is largely gray with a purple-pink breast, and a noticeable silvery patch with black streaks on the side of the neck. The iris is yellow with a red ring around the eyes. Compare with the only other pigeon on the island, the Rock Pigeon; note differences in structure, color, and habitat preference. Song is a series of very low, groaning coos.

Brown francolin with an orange throat and white-striped underparts. Shows rufous outer tail feathers and primaries in flight. Favors wet, marshy habitats such as flooded fields, wetland edges, and paddyfield plantations. Often difficult to see in tall vegetation, but emerges into the open in the early morning and late evening, usually foraging in small flocks. Gives loud gull-like “kree-ree!”, often in chorus.

Gaunt scavenger with long, broad squarish-tipped wings and a long hairless neck. Dark overall with pale underparts. Very similar to Indian Vulture; note darker neck without white down covering, overall darker body coloration, and less white on the bill. Lacks white rump and contrasting underwing of White-rumped Vulture. Inhabits plains, grasslands, and open forests from lowlands up into the foothills. Congregates in large flocks at carcasses, where it hisses and cackles loudly. Once common; now fairly rare.