Brown-capped Vireo

A large crow that varies in size across its range; note its relatively long, daggerlike bill with curved top. Entirely black with a variable amount of glossiness. A frequent scavenger, feeding on carrion, leftover food from humans, and food stolen from other birds. Often gangs up to attack and chase other birds, especially raptors. Occurs in a wide range of habitats including woodlands, urban landscapes, agricultural fields, and open scrub forests. Call varies, generally a harsh or croaking crow.

A relatively colorful, medium-sized, long-tailed cisticola. Note the gray-brown back with thick black streaks, the brown on the wing and cap, and the whitish underparts. Found in wetlands and moist grassland and scrub. As with other cisticolas, habitat and vocalizations are important to identification. Very similar to Winding Cisticola, but paler overall, and differs vocally. Also similar to Rattling Cisticola, but more colorful, with very different vocalizations: a wheezy, very high-pitched trill, and raspy “chi-dup” calls that are often given in a display flight. 

Very similar to Common Nightingale, but more dusky brown (not reddish-brown), with a duller and darker rufous tail and a mottled brown (not plain and sandy) breast. Their songs can be confusingly similar, but Thrush Nightingale is more monotonous, less varied, and slower, resembling that of Song Thrush. Calls include a bright but difficult-to-locate “teek”, and a low, dry rattle. Breeds in thick, damp, deciduous forest as well as well-wooded parks and gardens. Winters in tangled, often damp, thickets and brushy vegetation. Turns up in a wide range of habitats on passage, including drier areas. Feeds on invertebrates and berries.