Asian Fairy-bluebird
Irena puella
Chunky tree-dweller with blood-red eyes. Spectacular male is decked out in midnight black and electric blue. Female is dark turquoise with dark wingtips. Gathers at fruiting and flowering trees. A species of lowland and foothill evergreen forests, though will occasionally venture into gardens and plantations. Song includes various notes, often paired, such as “wit!” and “wi’wit!” Gives “tik” calls when flying overhead.
识别特征
The Asian fairy bluebird measures 24 to 27 cm (9.4 to 10.6 in) in length. The iris is crimson and eyelids pinkish; the bill, legs and claws are black, and mouth a flesh- colour. Marked sexual dimorphism is evident. The male is a shining ultramarine-blue with lilac reflections on its upper plumage, lesser wing coverts, and under tail coverts, while the sides of its head and the whole lower plumage are deep black; greater wing-coverts, quills, and tail black, and some of the coverts tipped with blue, and the middle tail-feathers glossed with blue.<p>The upper plumage, the lesser wing coverts, and the lower tail coverts of the female are brownish blue, with the edges of the feathers brighter. The middle tail feathers and the outer webs of all the others, except the outer pair, like the upper plumage, and remainder of tail dark brown. primaries and secondaries dark brown. The greater wing coverts, primary coverts, and tertiaries dark brown, with a blue tinge on the outer webs. Sides of the head and whole lower plumage blue, very similar to the upper parts. The young resemble the female. The male changes into adult plumage in March, the change taking place without a moult. The feathers of the upper parts first become fringed with bright blue, then the tail coverts change, and finally the lower plumage changes. Young birds with the lower plumage mixed black and dull blue, and the upper plumage like that of the adult are frequently seen.<p>There are several subspecies, including I. cyanea malayensis from the Malay Peninsula, where the male differs in having the undertail coverts longer, nearly reaching to the tip of the tail.
分类信息
- 学名
- Irena puella
- 命名信息
- (Latham, 1790)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Irenidae
- 属
- Irena
分布与栖息地
The Asian fairy bluebird is found in Sri Lanka and the western coast of India from Travancore up to the latitude of Shivamogga, Belgaum and Sawantwadi; Sikkim and the lower ranges of the Himalayas to Dibrugarh in Assam; the Khasi Hills; Cachar; Manipur; Bangladesh; Arrakan; Bago and Taninthayi Division in Burma; the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. In southeast Asia it occurs throughout most of Indochina (including Peninsular Malaysia), Sumatra, Borneo, Java and on smaller nearby islands. In the Indian part of its range this species is confined to the evergreen forests of the hills and plains, but elsewhere it is regular in various types of humid and deciduous forests from lowlands up to about 1,600 metres (5,200 ft). The species has been reported to be more frequent in mature rainforests and in rustic cardamom plantations under native shade trees than in coffee plantations.<p>The subspecies known from Palawan is now thought to be a distinct species, the Palawan fairy-bluebird (I. tweeddalii).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
This bird is common in most of the tracts it frequents, going about in small parties or in pairs.<p>It breeds from February to April, constructing a shallow cup-shaped nest, sometimes of moss and sometimes of small twigs, in a sapling or small tree. The eggs, which are generally two in number, are greenish white marked with brown, and measure about 1.14 cm by .77 cm.<p>It feeds principally on fruit and is generally found on the larger forest-trees.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Red-throated Pipit
Anthus cervinus
Small pipit; adults distinctive with rusty-red face and throat (paler in winter), contrasting with streaked white belly. The back is heavily streaked black, white, and brown, and the rump is also streaked. Breeds in mountains and on the tundra in open grasslands and boggy areas with willows. Winters in a range of damp, open habitats, such as wet fields, marshlands, pastures, and riverbanks. Camouflaged and difficult to spot on the ground. When flushed may fly a long way uttering a far-carrying "pssiiih" call.
Maroon-chinned Fruit-Dove
Ptilinopus epius
A large, long-tailed gray-and-green fruit-dove confined to Sulawesi. Head and most of underside pale gray, with a salmon wash on the belly and a dark, vinous-red base to the undertail. Shows a small maroon patch on throat and a yellow bill. Juveniles duller, and greener on crown and neck. Found singly or in pairs in upper levels of forest understory within lowlands and foothills. Maroon chin, yellow bill, and largely pale underparts make it easily recognized within its limited range. Song is a series of staccato whoop notes, variable in length: “whoop-whoop-whoop-whoop-whoop.”
Crimson-mantled Woodpecker
Colaptes rivolii
Medium-sized woodpecker found in the subtropical and temperate zones in the Andes from Venezuela to Bolivia. Stunning and unlikely to be mistaken: bright red above and yellow below with obvious pale cheek and dark scalloping on breast. Fairly common but sometimes inconspicuous. Look for singles or pairs following mixed-species flocks, usually in the middle to upper levels of mossy cloud forest. In addition to foraging vertically on trunks in typical woodpecker fashion, seems adept at hitching along smaller horizontal branches.
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