Ruff
Calidris pugnax
A bizarre and unique shorebird. Medium-sized with fairly short, slightly drooped bill. Leg color varies from dull greenish to bright orange; bill can be entirely dark or mostly orange. Plumage highly variable, especially breeding males, which have fancy neck ruffs that can be black, white, buffy, reddish-brown, or any combination thereof. Females and nonbreeding birds can be confusing, usually plain grayish-brown overall, sometimes with blotchy markings on the neck and belly. Juveniles are bright buffy with neat scaly patterning on the upperparts. Flight often rather lazy, with deep floppy wingbeats; note white underwings, white sides to rump, and feet projecting well past tail. Males are much larger than females. Breeds in bogs and wet grassy meadows across northern Eurasia; winters mainly in Africa but also across India and Southeast Asia. Migrants occur in almost any wetland habitat, from reservoirs and fields to coastal mudflats. Feeds by probing and picking, often while in shallow water. Rare but regular vagrant to North America, usually single birds found among flocks of yellowlegs.
分类信息
- 学名
- Calidris pugnax
- 命名信息
- (Linnaeus, 1758)
- 目
- Charadriiformes
- 科
- Scolopacidae
- 属
- Calidris
分布与栖息地
- 繁殖区
- PAL : low Arctic to temperate tundra and steppe of Palearctic: nw Europe from Belgium and Scandinavia s through n Ukraine, nw Kazakhstan, n Mongolia to far e Siberia
- 非繁殖区
- AF, sw PAL, India : inland and coastal c, s Europe, Africa, Middle East, Indian subcontinent, se Asia, Philippines, ec China, Taiwan and c to s Japan; rarer Indonesian Arch.
- 迁徙
- Complete migrants
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Blue-gray Tanager
Thraupis episcopus
Common and widespread powder blue-gray bird of open and semi-open areas with larger trees and hedges, towns, villages, and gardens in tropical and subtropical regions. Mainly feeds at mid-upper levels in trees, eating fruit, and perches readily on phone wires. Rather plain but distinctive appearance, with beady dark eye and fairly stout bill. Populations east of the Andes in South America have broad white wing-bars and look very different.
Black-winged Pratincole
Glareola nordmanni
Similar to other pratincoles, the Black-winged Pratincole is an elegant shorebird of dry habitats, not necessarily mud. Very similar to Collared Pratincole, but in flight lacks whitish wing trailing edge seen on Collared and the underwing feathers are black not rufous. Note however, that both of these features may be very difficult to notice in the field, depending on light conditions. When standing its legs are longer and tail shorter, resulting in primary feathers projecting beyond the tail tip, but beware of Collared Pratincoles molting their elongated outer tail feathers. Flight call is very similar to Collared Pratincole, but slightly lower-pitched.
Spotted Honeyguide
Indicator maculatus
A large honeyguide of forest and forest edge. Usually stays high in the trees, but will descend low when foraging or when following humans through the forest. Shows greenish back and wings with a spotted crown and distinctive olive-green underparts with white spotting. Has a typical honeyguide tail, with white outer tail feathers with dark tips. Throat is paler than breast, and the pale belly has spots turning to streaks. Song is a distinctive trilled “tjrrrrr” lasting up to several seconds.
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