Russet-throated Puffbird
Hypnelus ruficollis
Chunky, stout billed, and often very conspicuous bird found mainly in dry and semi-humid forest north and west of the Andes. Note the ornate face pattern, buffy throat, and single black breast band. Similar to Two-banded Puffbird, which is found mostly east of the Andes, but never has more than one band. Pairs often perches in the open on exposed branches, wires, or fences, from which they sally out to snatch up a wide variety of prey. Song is a long series of whistles or clucks. Male and female often sing together in a noisy, chaotic duet.
识别特征
The russet-throated puffbird is 20 to 22 cm (7.9 to 8.7 in) long and weighs 41 to 57 g (1.4 to 2.0 oz). The adult of the nominate subspecies has a dark brown crown with pale brown spots, a reddish spot just over the bill, a white patch around the eye and on the cheek, and a black patch below and behind the white one. The nape has a narrow buffy or white collar. The upperparts are dull brown with grayish mottling while the closed wing is dull brown with buffy "scales". The tail is long and dark brown with thin pale edges to the feathers. The chin is white and the throat and upper breast rich rufous. Under them are a thin white and a wide black band across the chest. The rest of the underparts are reddish buff with black bars or spots on the flanks. The bill is black, the eye yellow to white, and the feet black or dull green.<p>H. r. decolor is paler above than the nominate, its lower breast and belly are whiter, and there is less dark barring on the flanks. H. r. coloratus compared to the nominate has blacker cheeks, a deeper orange throat, and underparts that are a richer orange-buff.
分类信息
The taxonomy of the russet-throated puffbird is complicated. BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) assigns three subspecies, the nominate H. r. ruficolis, H. r. decolor, and H. r. coloratus. The International Ornithological Committee (IOC) adds H. r. striaticollis. Like HBW, the Clements taxonomy does not recognize striaticollis; both include it within decolor. But Clements adds H. r. bicinctus and H. r. stoicus, which the other two systems assign to the two-banded puffbird (H. bicinctus). The South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society (SACC) recognizes that treating H. bicinctus as a species might be valid but has not received a formal proposal for the split.
- 学名
- Hypnelus ruficollis
- 命名信息
- (Wagler, 1829)
- 目
- Galbuliformes
- 科
- Bucconidae
- 属
- Hypnelus
分布与栖息地
The four subspecies of russet-throated puffbird recognized by the IOC are distributed thus:<p>The species inhabits a variety of open to semi-open landscapes including the interior and edges of open deciduous forest, treed savanna, dense secondary forest, and arid scrub with scattered trees. In elevation it has been recorded up to 700 m (2,300 ft) in Venezuela and as high as about 1,300 m (4,300 ft) in Colombia. It is thought to be a year-round resident throughout its range.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The russet-throated puffbird still-hunts from a perch up to 8 m (26 ft) above ground. It sallies to capture prey on the ground, in vegetation, or on branches or trunks. Its diet is mostly insects but also includes small vertebrates like lizards and some fruits.<p>The russet-throated puffbird has been documented breeding in May in Colombia and in August and September in Venezuela. It usually excavates a burrow in an arboreal termitarium and occasionally uses the oven-shaped nest of pale-legged hornero (Furnarius leucopus). The clutch size is three eggs.<p>The russet-throated puffbird's song is "repeated rhythmic 'woduk' notes in crescendo for up to 20 seconds, then diminishing". It is usually sung at dawn and often by both members of a pair. They also make a "seeeeep" call.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Blue-throated Roller
Eurystomus gularis
A large-billed roller of primary and secondary forests that is often found sitting on branches overlooking clearings or in the canopy. Distinctive, with a bronze-colored body, a blue throat, a pale yellowish bill, and blue tail and flight feathers. Resembles and occurs alongside the related Broad-billed Roller, but Blue-throated Roller differs in its blue throat and bronzier body. Voice is a harsh “kleek,” often delivered noisily in rapid succession.
Paint-billed Crake
Mustelirallus erythrops
A fairly small rail, mostly gray below and olive-brown above with bicolored bill (red base, yellow tip) and pinkish legs. Black and white barring on vent can be difficult to see. Shy and typically uncommon to rare. Most often found in dense marshy habitats, including flooded rice fields and pastures. However, not necessarily tied to water, and can also be found in moist forest with dense understory. Even its vocalizations aren’t well-known, but makes a low, fast, cooing trill.
Puvel's Illadopsis
Illadopsis puveli
A mid-sized, chunky, drably colored babbler. Has a white throat and pale gray underparts that are usually washed with buff. Found in the understory of gallery forest and thick bush, usually in pairs. Shy and skulking, and rarely seen unless searched for. Similar to other illadopsises, and best located and distinguished by voice. Visually most similar to Rufous-winged Illadopsis, but found in different habitat, slightly larger, and usually buffy on the underparts. Paler below than Brown or Pale-breasted Illadopsises. Most often detected by distinctive voice: a series of several whistles in an up then down pattern that is weirdly reminiscent of trying to start a car, similar to the song of Rufous-winged Illadopsis, but higher-pitched and slightly more rambling and variable, with more notes in each phrase
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