Russet-throated Puffbird
Hypnelus ruficollis
Chunky, stout billed, and often very conspicuous bird found mainly in dry and semi-humid forest north and west of the Andes. Note the ornate face pattern, buffy throat, and single black breast band. Similar to Two-banded Puffbird, which is found mostly east of the Andes, but never has more than one band. Pairs often perches in the open on exposed branches, wires, or fences, from which they sally out to snatch up a wide variety of prey. Song is a long series of whistles or clucks. Male and female often sing together in a noisy, chaotic duet.
识别特征
The russet-throated puffbird is 20 to 22 cm (7.9 to 8.7 in) long and weighs 41 to 57 g (1.4 to 2.0 oz). The adult of the nominate subspecies has a dark brown crown with pale brown spots, a reddish spot just over the bill, a white patch around the eye and on the cheek, and a black patch below and behind the white one. The nape has a narrow buffy or white collar. The upperparts are dull brown with grayish mottling while the closed wing is dull brown with buffy "scales". The tail is long and dark brown with thin pale edges to the feathers. The chin is white and the throat and upper breast rich rufous. Under them are a thin white and a wide black band across the chest. The rest of the underparts are reddish buff with black bars or spots on the flanks. The bill is black, the eye yellow to white, and the feet black or dull green.<p>H. r. decolor is paler above than the nominate, its lower breast and belly are whiter, and there is less dark barring on the flanks. H. r. coloratus compared to the nominate has blacker cheeks, a deeper orange throat, and underparts that are a richer orange-buff.
分类信息
The taxonomy of the russet-throated puffbird is complicated. BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) assigns three subspecies, the nominate H. r. ruficolis, H. r. decolor, and H. r. coloratus. The International Ornithological Committee (IOC) adds H. r. striaticollis. Like HBW, the Clements taxonomy does not recognize striaticollis; both include it within decolor. But Clements adds H. r. bicinctus and H. r. stoicus, which the other two systems assign to the two-banded puffbird (H. bicinctus). The South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society (SACC) recognizes that treating H. bicinctus as a species might be valid but has not received a formal proposal for the split.
- 学名
- Hypnelus ruficollis
- 命名信息
- (Wagler, 1829)
- 目
- Piciformes
- 科
- Bucconidae
- 属
- Hypnelus
分布与栖息地
The four subspecies of russet-throated puffbird recognized by the IOC are distributed thus:<p>The species inhabits a variety of open to semi-open landscapes including the interior and edges of open deciduous forest, treed savanna, dense secondary forest, and arid scrub with scattered trees. In elevation it has been recorded up to 700 m (2,300 ft) in Venezuela and as high as about 1,300 m (4,300 ft) in Colombia. It is thought to be a year-round resident throughout its range.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
Migration pattern: Resident species.
保护状况
Population trend: stable.
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Bornean Stubtail
Urosphena whiteheadi
Minute, ground-dwelling warbler of Borneo’s central mountain ranges. Scurries about like a rodent in the undergrowth, where it can be difficult to see well; note bright orangish brow stripe, brown back, and gray sides. Very short tail and long bill give it a “cute”, top-heavy appearance. Can be quite inquisitive, frequently coming in quite close to an observer. Listen for its incredibly high thin three-note song: “tzin-tzin-tziiiiiinn”.
Common Waxbill
Estrilda astrild
Tiny finch with short wings, a red bill, and a long tail. The body is largely gray with subtle dark bars, a prominent red mask and a dark vent. Bill is dark in juveniles. Normally encountered in noisy flocks in grassy and reedy areas; listen for distinctive descending wheezy calls. Often found in urban areas outside of its natural African range; introduced widely across the world, including the Iberian Peninsula, Taiwan, Puerto Rico, Brazil, and various Indian and Pacific Ocean islands.
Blue-throated Flycatcher
Cyornis rubeculoides
Small flycatcher with an orange chest and a white belly. Male is bright blue above, while the female is brown above with a rufous tail. Confusingly similar to many other Blue Flycatchers, but extensively blue throat and limited orange underparts serve to identify the male. Female can be trickier; look out for relatively well-defined orange breast, rufous tail, and weak eyering (but no pale lores). Found in the dense undergrowth of hill forests. Song is a rambling and variable series of whistling, warbling, and chattering notes; also gives typical Cyornis “chak” and rattle calls.
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