Ferruginous Duck
Aythya nyroca
Rich rusty brown overall with contrasting white triangular patch under tail; male has pale eye. Also note peaked crown and rather long gray bill. In flight, both sexes show bold white wing stripe. Compare with female Tufted Duck (can have similar white patch under tail). Inhabits lakes and marshes, usually with surrounding reeds. Rather shy and often stays hidden in reeds, but at other times out in open water with flocks of Tufted Duck and Common Pochard.
识别特征
The breeding male is a rich, dark chestnut on the head, breast and flanks with contrasting pure white undertail coverts. In flight the white belly and underwing patch are visible. The females are duller and browner than the males. The male has a yellow eye and the females have a dark eye.
分类信息
Genus: Aythya; Family: Anatidae; Order: Anseriformes.
- 学名
- Aythya nyroca
- 命名信息
- (Güldenstädt, 1770)
- 目
- Anseriformes
- 科
- Anatidae
- 属
- Aythya
分布与栖息地
The breeding range of the ferruginous duck is from Iberia and the Maghreb east to western Mongolia, south to Arabia, although in the west is now scarce and localised and locally extirpated in some countries. The duck winters throughout the Mediterranean Basin and the Black Sea, smaller number migrate into sub-Saharan Africa via the Nile Valley. Eastern birds winter in south and south-east Asia. The ferruginous duck prefers quite shallow fresh waterbodies with rich submerged and floating vegetation with dense stands of emergent vegetation on the margins. In some areas it will use saline or brackish pools or wetlands. On passage and wintering will also frequent coastal waters, inland seas and large, open lagoons.
- 繁殖区
- PAL : w Europe and nw Africa to c Asia
- 非繁殖区
- AF
- 迁徙
- Complete migrants
行为
Migration pattern: Complete migrants.
保护状况
The species is threatened by the degradation and destruction of its favoured habitats by anthropogenic causes which are very wide and varied including impoundment, drainage, pollution and mismanagement. The introduction of non-native species has also caused habitat degradation, e.g. the stocking of lakes with and accidental introduction of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella has caused reductions in plant and animal biomass available for the ducks to feed on. In addition, the increased threat of drought due to climate change may pose a threat to the species in the drier parts of its range. Increased disturbance by fishing boats and anglers among marginal vegetation could cause abandonment of the breeding sites or disrupt the timing of breeding particularly in populated areas, e.g. Western Europe. Ferruginous ducks are also threatened by hunting and large numbers are shot on passage in the autumn and in the wintering areas. Although protected in most European countries illegal and accidental hunting persists. It is one of the species to which the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA) applies. Among recent local initiatives it should be mentioned inclusion of the breeding habitats of the species in Armenia into network of Emerald Sites protected by the Bern Convention.
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Camiguin Bulbul
Hypsipetes catarmanensis
A fairly large bulbul of forest and forest edge on Camiguin, where it is unmistakable. Dark olive-brown with a pale bill. Forages actively, often in large, vocal flocks. Song consists of a descending series of medium-pitched notes, jumping back to a higher note at the end. Also gives harsh grating calls and nasal screeches.
Capped Heron
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Guianan Cock-of-the-rock
Rupicola rupicola
A large, chunky cotinga, always preceded by its reputation. Exquisite adult male is impossible to mistake for anything else; young males and females are brown and best identified by size, odd shape and pale eyes. Most readily found in lowland rainforest near rock formations that provide nest sites. Often seen flying across small rivers or roads, but generally difficult to observe away from display areas. Feeds on fruit. Calls, occasionally given in alarm and while foraging, are querulous and fowl-like.
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