Tawny Grassbird
Cincloramphus timoriensis
Large songbird, tawny with streaking above, paler below, with rich brown crown and long, graduated tail. In similar grassland and reedbed habitats, smaller Golden-headed Cisticola has much shorter tail, Little Grassbird is duller in plumage, and Australian Reed-Warbler has plain, unstreaked plumage. Calls often, with loud, grumpy churring calls and a longer call that starts “tick-tick-tick-tick” and ends with an explosive descending trill.
识别特征
The tawny grassbird is a medium sized grassbird with a wingspan of 56-69mm, a stout bill 14-17mmand weighs around 13-25g. The bird has an unstreaked rufous (rich brown) cap, obvious rufous fringes to flight feathers on the folded wing and wholly unstreaked underparts. It also has a long drooping tail and rufous rump. The male has a varied song given in both display flights and from exposed perches. The males sing mostly in spring and summer.<p>The tawny grassbird is distinguished from the related little grassbird by its larger size, stouter bill, more rufous plumage and longer tail.
分类信息
The family Locustellidae was named by Bonaparte in 1854 and is derived from the genus name Locustella named by Kemp in 1829. The term "grassbird" was used by Gould during the mid 19th century to signify a strong correlation to long grass habitats. The tawny grassbird has also been known as tawny sphenoeacus, grassbird, tawny or rufous-capped marshbird, rufous-capped grass-warbler and rufous-capped grassbird. Grass-warbler tends to be used in Asia rather than Australia. Genetic studies indicate a close relationship to songlarks.<p>The tawny grassbird has 10 identified sub-species<p>The sub-species Cincloramphus timoriensis alisteri has been divided into Cincloramphus timoriensis alisteri (alisteri) located in Eastern Australia and Cincloramphus timoriensis alisteri (oweni) located in Northern Australia.<p>While the family name Locustellidae is generally accepted some authorities place the tawny grassbird in the family Sylviidae. Also the genus name Cincloramphus is normally used but megalurus is also commonly used.
- 学名
- Cincloramphus timoriensis
- 命名信息
- (Wallace, 1864)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Locustellidae
- 属
- Cincloramphus
分布与栖息地
Within Australia the tawny grassbird is mainly found on "coastal lowlands in rank grasslands, sedges reeds and rushes" and bordering wetlands In 2011 a population of tawny grassbirds was located in Alice Springs, almost a 100 km from other populations. Generally, grassbirds found in inland Eastern Australia are little grassbirds.
- 迁徙
- Nomadic movement
行为
Tawny grassbirds feed on insects.<p>The Slater Field Guide notes the voice is a rich ch-ch-ch-zzzzzzt lik lik: loud see-lick: high-pitched descending trill. In flight, it has "metallic chuck chuck chuck." The Australian Bird Guide describes displaying males with a "delightful varied song, given both in display flights and from exposed perches. Its alarm call is a repeated "harsh tjik or jk-jk".<p>Tawny grassbirds nest in long grass in well hidden cups of grass. They generally lay 3 freckled reddish eggs.
保护状况
The species is rated Least Concern (LC) as it has an extensive range, the population appears to be stable and although the population size has not been quantified, it is not believed that it is approaching Vulnerable. Some concern has been expressed for a decline in populations because of persistent grazing of tall grasses but in New Guinea it was observed that population density was greater in shorter grazed grass than the neighbouring taller grasses.
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Short-toed Rock-Thrush
Monticola brevipes
A small, compact rock-thrush with short legs. The male has a gray back and a diagnostic pearly blue-gray crown. Although some individuals (particularly farther east) have darker crowns, they retain the pale eyebrow, always giving the head a two-toned appearance. The female is differentiated from other rock-thrushes by her squat shape and white throat bordered by dark stipples. Pairs and loose groups inhabit rocky country in arid bushlands, where they perch conspicuously on taller bushes, wires, and poles. The male Sentinel Rock-Thrush has a more upright posture than Short-toed Rock-Thrush, with uniform blue-gray head coloration that extends lower on the breast. The male Cape Rock-Thrush is much larger and has a brown back.
Black-bellied Starling
Notopholia corusca
Relatively small, slim, blackish starling. The belly is black, and there is little gloss to the rest of the plumage. The eye is usually yellow, but the male’s eye turns red for a brief period during the breeding season. Found in and around forest and moist woodland, mostly near the coast. Song is a fast and variable sequence which can include mimicry. Smaller, slimmer, and less glossy than other dark starlings in its range.
Rufous-tailed Babbler
Moupinia poecilotis
Dull brown with a pale throat, rufous-tipped wings, and a long tail. Somewhat resembles a more upright, shorter-billed bush warbler. Duller and less contrastingly-marked than most other babblers in its range. Forages in tangled, scrubby areas at middle and high altitudes, where it can often be difficult to see.
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