Chestnut-crowned Foliage-gleaner
Automolus rufipileatus
Common foliage-gleaner of dense vegetation and forest edges. Reddish brown with a pale yellow-orange eye and a straight, heavy bill. Favors forest edges, young forests, streams, and rivers. Extremely secretive and difficult to see as it forages in dense vegetation and vine tangles singly or in pairs. Plain reddish brown coloration and light eye help distinguish it from other foliage-gleaners. Song is often heard around dawn, a descending trill about a second long.
识别特征
The chestnut-crowned foliage-gleaner is 18 to 19 cm (7.1 to 7.5 in) long and weighs 31 to 38 g (1.1 to 1.3 oz). The sexes have the same plumage. Adults of the nominate subspecies have a mostly rufescent brown face with a few buff streaks on the ear coverts. Their crown is dark reddish chestnut that becomes darkish warm olivaceous brown on the back. Their rump is reddish brown and their uppertail coverts reddish chestnut. Their wings are darkish rufescent brown with slightly darker primary coverts and ochraceous rufous at the bend. Their tail is dark dull chestnut. Their throat is bright buff that becomes pale buff-brown on the breast and belly. Their sides and flanks are medium dull brown and their undertail coverts dull rufescent brown. Their iris is yellow-orange to orange, their maxilla blackish to olive-gray, their mandible silvery horn to grayish olive, and their legs and feet greenish gray to yellowish olive. Juveniles have slightly duller and darker upperparts than adults and dusky edges on the breast and central belly feathers. Subspecies A. r. consobrinus has a more rufescent back and darker, more ochraceous underparts than the nominate.
分类信息
The chestnut-crowned foliage-gleaner and the brown-rumped foliage-gleaner (A. melanopezus) are sister species. The chestnut-crowned has two subspecies, the nominate A. r. rufipileatus (Pelzeln, 1859) and A. r. consobrinus (Sclater, PL, 1870).
- 学名
- Automolus rufipileatus
- 命名信息
- (Pelzeln, 1859)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Furnariidae
- 属
- Automolus
分布与栖息地
The chestnut-crowned foliage-gleaner is found in every mainland South American country except Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Subspecies A. r. consobrinus has by far the larger range of the two. It is found in the northern and western Amazon Basin from eastern Colombia east across southern Venezuela, and the Guianas to the Atlantic and south through eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, and western Brazil into northwestern Bolivia. The nominate subspecies is found in Brazil south of the Amazon between the Rio Purus and the state of Maranhão. The species primarily inhabits riverside and várzea forest, where it especially favors thickets of Guadua bamboo and Gynerium cane. It also occurs locally in bamboo patches within terra firme forest. In elevation it mostly ranges from sea level to 500 m (1,600 ft) though locally it may reach 1,300 m (4,300 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The chestnut-crowned foliage-gleaner is a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The chestnut-crowned foliage-gleaner feeds mostly on a variety of insects and spiders; small tree frogs have also been recorded in its diet. It usually forages in pairs and seldom joins mixed-species feeding flocks. It feeds from the forest's undergrowth to its mid-storey, acrobatically gleaning and pulling prey from debris and especially from clumps of dead leaves.<p>Almost nothing is known about the chestnut-crowned foliage-gleaner's breeding biology. Males found in breeding condition in February in Venezuela are the only hint to its breeding season.<p>The chestnut-crowned foliage-gleaner's song is a "run-together series of sharp, stacatto [sic] notes that drop in pitch, 'd-r-r-r-r-r-r-r-r-r' ". Another author described it as a "short, shivering, staccato trill 'kriiiiiiih' " that last about 1.5 seconds. Its call is "a peculiar, resonant, deep 'jyoo' or 'cheeu' ".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Bare-shanked Screech-Owl
Megascops clarkii
Large for a screech-owl. Warm rufous-brown overall, brightest on face, which does not have a distinct black border like most other screech-owls. Coarsely marked on belly. Found in montane forests, where the best way to find it is by voice. Listen for the short series of hoots.
Leaf Lorikeet
Trichoglossus weberi
A long-tailed, red-billed parrot, mostly lime-green apart from a paler collar, a marginally darker head, and a yellow-green patch on the breast. In flight, shows yellow underwings. Juveniles are duller, with a brown bill. Restricted to the island of Flores, where small groups inhabit forested foothills. Found at higher elevations than Coconut Lorikeet, and lacks the dark blue head and the red on the underparts. Vocal, giving shrill calls typical of lorikeets: “skreeeee.”
Okinawa Robin
Larvivora namiyei
Endemic resident of shady subtropical broadleaf forest understorey on the main island of Okinawa. Forages on the ground and often seen at the forest edge. Rufous-orange upperparts with grayish-white belly. Male has a black face and chest. Similar to the migratory Ryukyu Robin but male lacks the blackish flank patches and black forehead of that species. Female lacks black spotting on the chest of female Ryukyu Robin. Song is an up-and-down whistled melody. Call is a dry rattle, accompanied by wing and tail flicks.
开始您的观鸟之旅
在户外识别鸟类，并在下一次观察时随手查阅鸟类图鉴。