Rufous-browed Peppershrike
Cyclarhis gujanensis
A large chunky vireo, widespread in tropical and subtropical wooded habitats. Forages sluggishly, mainly at mid-upper levels, sometimes joining mixed-species feeding flocks. Plumage varies across its range, but all populations have a very stout pale bill, a rusty eyebrow, and pinkish legs; underparts vary from bright yellow (as in mainland Mexico and Central America) to dingy yellow (as on Cozumel Island).
识别特征
The adult rufous-browed peppershrike is approximately 15 cm (5.9 in) long and weighs 28 g (0.99 oz). It is bull-headed with a thick, somewhat shrike-like bill, which typically is blackish below and pinkish-grey above. The head is grey with a strong rufous eyebrow. The crown is often tinged with brown. The upperparts are green, and the yellow throat and breast shade into a white belly. The subspecies ochrocephala from the south-eastern part of its range has a shorter rufous eyebrow and a brown-tinged crown, while the subspecies virenticeps, contrerasi and saturata from north-western Peru and western Ecuador have greenish-yellow (not grey, as in the "typical" subspecies) nape, auriculars and cheeks.<p>The song is a whistled phrase with the rhythm "Do you wash every week?", but there are extensive variations depending on both individual and range. It is often heard but hard to see as it feeds on insects and spiders high in the foliage, though it has been observed to take small lizards as well.
分类信息
The rufous-browed peppershrike was formally described in 1789 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's Systema Naturae. He placed it in the genus Tanagra and coined the binomial name Tanagra gujanensis. The specific epithet is derived from the type locality, the Guianas. Gmelin based his account on "Le verderoux" from French Guiana that had been described in 1778 by the French polymath Comte de Buffon in his multivolume Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux. The rufous-browed peppershrike is now placed with the black-billed peppershrike in the genus Cyclarhis that was introduced in 1824 by William Swainson.<p>Twenty two subspecies are recognised:
- 学名
- Cyclarhis gujanensis
- 命名信息
- (Gmelin, JF, 1789)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Vireonidae
- 属
- Cyclarhis
分布与栖息地
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The nest is a flimsy cup high in a tree with a typical clutch of two or three pinkish-white eggs lightly blotched with brown. Like most vireos, the peppershrike ejects parasitic cowbird eggs.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Point-tailed Palmcreeper
Berlepschia rikeri
A strikingly-patterned medium-sized bird of palm swamps. Bright rufous upperparts and tail contrast with black-and-white streaked head and underparts. Found only in Moriche palm stands at rainforest edge or in swampy savanna regions. Usually in pairs that masterfully evade detection by slinking through the leaves and bases of palm fronds, which are probed for insect prey. Does not join mixed-species flocks. Best detected by voice: distinctive song is a rapid series of piping whistles, dropping slightly in pitch at end. Plumage pattern is similar to many woodcreepers, but none have such bold streaking, and most are unlikely to be found in Moriche palm stands.
Rufous-banded Honeyeater
Conopophila albogularis
Small honeyeater with white throat and orange-red breast band. Face is gray, back is brown, and belly is white. Feeds on insects and nectar in woodlands, often near water. Also found in mangroves. Juveniles lack the rusty breast band and also have pink on the bill. Found at lower altitudes in northern Australia and New Guinea. This species is abundant in parks and gardens in Darwin.
Helmet Vanga
Euryceros prevostii
Huge black vanga with a rufous back and an enormous blue bill. Rare and localized Madagascar endemic that is found in northeastern rainforest at low and middle elevations. Usually in the mid-story, perching motionless for long periods. Often joins flocks with other large vangas. Most easily located when nesting in a large mossy cup that is placed on a forking mid-story branch. Song is a long, delicate, high-pitched, slightly descending trill.
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