Apolinar's Wren
Cistothorus apolinari
A small buffy-brown wren with a very limited range in central Colombia. Look for a streaked back and dark barring on the wings and tail. Compared with Sedge Wren, Apolinar’s has a grayer throat and eyebrow. Found in marshes with tall cattails and sedges from around 2,000 to 3,500 m. Can be skulking and difficult to see, but occasionally perches up to sing. Listen for strange harsh chirring song.
识别特征
Apolinar's wren is 12 cm (4.7 in) long. A male C. a. hernandezi weighed 17.7 g (0.62 oz). Nominate adults have a chestnut crown, blackish brown shoulders and upper back with whitish buff streaks, and bright reddish brown lower back and rump. Their tails are reddish with blackish brown barring. They have a faint supercilium that is a bit lighter than the rest of the gray-brown face. Their underparts are buff-brown that is lighter on the throat and more reddish on the lower flanks. The juvenile's head is dark gray-brown with no supercilium, a buff nape, and less streaking on the back than the adult.<p>C. a. hernandezi is much more whitish on its underparts than the nominate, rather than buffy. It wings are longer, its tail shorter, and its bill both heavier and longer.
分类信息
Apolinar's wren has two subspecies, the nominate Cistothorus apolinari apolinari and C. a. hernandezi. The latter was described in 2002 and has been suggested to be a separate species. Apolinar's wren, grass wren (C. platensis), and Mérida wren (C. meridae) form a superspecies.<p>The common and scientific names of Apolinar's wren commemorate the Colombian monk Brother Apolinar Maria (1877–1949) who was also an ornithologist. Its Spanish common name is cucarachero de pantano (literally, swamp cockroach hunter).
- 学名
- Cistothorus apolinari
- 命名信息
- Chapman, 1914
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Troglodytidae
- 属
- Cistothorus
分布与栖息地
The nominate Apolinar's wren is found in the Andes of Colombia's Cundinamarca and Boyacá Departments. It inhabits marshes and lake-edge vegetation, especially those with Typha cattails and Scirpus bullrushes. In elevation it is generally found between 2,500 and 3,000 m (8,200 and 9,800 ft) though it also occurs at one site with an elevation of 3,015 m (9,892 ft).<p>C. a. hernandezi is restricted to the Sumapaz Massif, south of Bogotá in Cundinamarca. It inhabits very different terrain, boggy páramo at elevations between 3,800 and 3,900 m (12,500 and 12,800 ft). It favors páramo with the shrubs Diplostephium revolutum or Espeletia grandiflora and requires Chusquea tessellata dwarf bamboo for nesting.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
Apolinar's wren forages by climbing up vegetation stems and then dropping to near ground or water level. The nominate appears to feed primarily on Chironomus midges but also spiders and other adult and larval insects. C. a. hernandezi appears to also feed on insects but details have not been published.<p>The nominate Apolinar's wren appears to breed between February or March and October and might double-brood. It also might breed in loose colonies. One nest was a ball constructed of strips of Typha leaves and placed in a thick Typha stand. The nests are known to be parasitized by shiny cowbirds (Molothrus bonariensis).<p>C. a. hernandezi is a cooperative breeder, though a group has only one breeding pair. Up to 10 individuals defend the nest and otherwise participate in the breeding cycle. The nest is a sphere of coarse grass lined with softer leaves and has a side entrance.<p>The nominate male's song is "a series of rising and falling churrs mixed with harsh gravelly notes" and it may have six or seven variations on it [1]. C. a. hernandezi has at least 11 song types; females also sing and both may sing in duet [2].
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Cream-winged Cinclodes
Cinclodes albiventris
Fairly common in the high Andes, where found at bogs, lakeshores, along streams, in agricultural areas of villages, usually near water. Feeds on the ground with a hopping and shuffling gait, sometimes cocking tail. Often in same areas as similar but larger and less numerous White-winged Cinclodes. Cream-winged is distinguished by duller brown (less rusty) upperparts, pale buffy tail corners (bold white on White-winged), and narrower white wing stripe shown in raised wing song display.
New Britain Friarbird
Philemon cockerelli
A large brown honeyeater with a long dagger-like bill, a dark head, a contrastingly pale neck and underparts, and a dark area of naked facial skin. Juvenile shows a yellow-washed breast and olive-washed wings and tail. Found singly and in small groups in canopy of habitats from lowlands to foothills, including forest, edges, clearings, and plantations. Restricted to the Bismarck Archipelago. Distinguished from Bismarck Honeyeater by lack of pale eye-ring, pale underparts and neck, and dark facial skin. Calls include a fluty, oriole-like “chewik-chow” with a lower-pitched second note, a sharp “chow,, and a crow-like “kra.”
Ferruginous Partridge
Caloperdix oculeus
Flamboyantly plumaged little gamebird, with pumpkin-orange head and breast, brown wings, and smart black-and-white scaling on back and sides. Listen for its exuberant song, a series of accelerating whistles that eventually collapses into harsh, coarse notes, as though its voice had broken. Inhabits lowlands and middle-elevation forests, where it can be difficult to see as it forages on the ground, typically singly or in pairs; most readily seen at established feeding stations.
开始您的观鸟之旅
在户外识别鸟类，并在下一次观察时随手查阅鸟类图鉴。