Striolated Tit-Spinetail
Leptasthenura striolata
Distinctive, diminutive species with a very long spiky tail and a heavily streaked body. Note the rusty crown and narrow white eyebrow. Occurs at forest edges, in Araucaria forest, and in tall second growth, where it forages acrobatically by gleaning. Often accompanies mixed-species flocks.
识别特征
The striolated tit-spinetail is 15 to 16 cm (5.9 to 6.3 in) long and weighs 10 to 11 g (0.35 to 0.39 oz). It is a small, long-tailed furnariid with a short bill. The sexes have the same plumage. Adults have a buff-whitish supercilium on an otherwise grayish face. Their crown is black with buff streaks and their upperparts brown with obvious buff streaks on the back. Their wings are dark brown with paler feather edges. Their tail is mostly brown with some rufous on the outermost feathers; the tail is graduated and appears forked due to the central feather's having reduced inner webs. Their underparts are dull pale ochraceous with brownish speckles on the throat and upper breast. Their iris is dark brown, their bill black with a pinkish gray base to the mandible, and their legs and feet greenish. Juveniles have less distinct streaking and a shorter, less deeply forked, tail than adults.
分类信息
The striolated tit-spinetail is monotypic. It is locally called grimpeirinho.
- 学名
- Leptasthenura striolata
- 命名信息
- (Pelzeln, 1856)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Furnariidae
- 属
- Leptasthenura
分布与栖息地
The striolated tit-spinetail is found in much of the southern Brazilian states of Paraná and Santa Catarina, and somewhat into northern Rio Grande do Sul. It inhabits temperate forests dominated by Podocarpus and especially Araucaria, and also riparian thickets and secondary forest. It favors the forest edges and is seldom in the interior of tall forest. In elevation it ranges between 500 and 1,200 m (1,600 and 3,900 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The striolated tit-spinetail is a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The striolated tit-spinetail feeds on arthropods. It usually forages in pairs and occasionally joins mixed-species feeding flocks. It forages from the forest's understorey to its canopy, gleaning prey from foliage and branches. It often hangs upside down to reach prey.<p>The striolated tit-spinetail breeds in the austral spring and summer. It is monogamous. It builds a platform nest of twigs and moss lined with feathers, usually in a natural cavity or an old woodpecker hole. The clutch size, incubation period, and time to fledging are not known. Both parents provision nestlings.<p>The striolated tit-spinetail's song is a "level, short, hurried series of 2-5 very high, thin or full notes, last one often slightly lower". It has been rendered "psi, psi-psi, ks-ks-ksks-ks". Its calls are "an assortment of squeaky notes".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
African Palm Swift
Cypsiurus parvus
A very slender gray-brown swift with a long, deeply forked tail that is often held closed, making it look needle-like and pointed. The erratic flight pattern, with frequent direction changes and rapid wingbeats on long, scythe-shaped wings, is distinctive. Less gregarious than other swifts; usually found in pairs or small flocks, and association with other swallows and swifts is usually only fleeting. Forages over a wide variety of habitats with palms, including savanna, coastal scrub, towns, villages, cultivated areas, forest edge, and clearings, from sea level up to 1800 meters of elevation, preferring lowlands. Nests and roosts in palms and uses its tiny legs with hook-like claws to cling to the undersides of fronds. Gives a high-pitched, metallic “tre-tit-tit-tit-tit-tit-tit-tit” call, solitarily or in unison with others. Separated from other swifts by its longer and thinner tail.
Silver Gull
Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae
Small gray gull with red legs. Adult has red bill (younger birds have a darker bill), white head and body, pale gray "silver" wings, which have prominent black and white tips. Abundant across much of New Zealand and coastal Australia, including inland areas around waterways and rivers.
Great Cuckoo-Dove
Reinwardtoena reinwardti
A large, very long-tailed dove with a dark chestnut-brown back, wings, and tail. Head, neck and underside contrastingly pale throughout range, either white (Moluccas and Biak) or pale gray (elsewhere). Juveniles are sooty above, brown below. Typically found singly, but sometimes in pairs or groups in fruiting trees. Inhabits subcanopy of forest and secondary growth from lowlands to mountains, but most abundant in the foothills. Size, shape, and bicolored appearance make it unique. Song comprises incessantly repetitive two-note “woo-wooook” phrases with a shorter first note and an upslurred second one.
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