Bar-breasted Piculet
Picumnus aurifrons
Small, greenish-brown piculet. Light olive brown, with horizontal barring on the breast changing to vertical streaking on the belly, and a black-and-white speckled crown. Males have a yellow forehead patch. Forages singly or in pairs around the midstory and canopy of secondary rainforest, sometimes joining mixed-species flocks with tanagers and other species. Its song is a high, two- or three-note “sweet, sweet,” similar to the songs of other piculets.
识别特征
The bar-breasted piculet is the smallest extant species in the highly diverse woodpecker family. A typical adult is about 7.5 cm (3.0 in) long and weighs 8 to 10 g (0.28 to 0.35 oz). Males average 9.2 g (0.32 oz) and females 8.6 g (0.30 oz). Among standard measurements, their wing chord is 4.4 to 5.3 cm (1.7 to 2.1 in), their tail 2.3 to 2.6 cm (0.91 to 1.02 in), their beak 0.9 to 1.2 cm (0.35 to 0.47 in), and their tarsus 1.1 to 1.2 cm (0.43 to 0.47 in). Adult males of the nominate subspecies P. a. aurifrons have a black crown with yellow streaks on the forehead and white spots on the rest, and gray-brown cheeks with a whitish line behind the eye. Their upperparts are olive green. The upper surface of their tail is black; the innermost pair of feathers have whitish yellow inner webs and the outer two pairs have a whitish patch near the end. Their chin and throat are whitish with faint dark barring. Their underparts are yellowish white with brown barring on the breast, arrowhead-shaped marks on the sides of the breast and upper belly, and broad brown streaks on the flanks and lower belly. Adult females are identical but for white spots on their entire crown. Juveniles are similar to adults with a browner streaked (not spotted) crown and lighter streaking on the belly.<p>Subspecies P. a. purusianus has darker upperparts than the nominate and heavier, black, barring on the breast. P. a. flavifrons is similar to purusianus but has faint barring on the upperparts, less heavy breast barring, and a heavily spotted belly. P. a. wallacii has obscure barring on its upperparts and paler underparts with fainter streaking and more spots than the previous two. P. a. transfasciatus has heavy barring on its upperparts and breast. P. a. borbae has red streaks on its forehead and a yellower belly than the nominate with stronger black barring on the breast. P. a. juruanus has reddish orange streaks on its forehead but much weaker barring on its breast than borbae.
分类信息
The bar-breasted piculet has seven subspecies:<p>Subspecies P. a. borbae and P. a. wallacii have at times been treated as individual species, with P. a. juruanus as a subspecies of borbae.
- 学名
- Picumnus aurifrons
- 命名信息
- Pelzeln, 1870
- 目
- Piciformes
- 科
- Picidae
- 属
- Picumnus
分布与栖息地
The bar-breasted piculet is a bird of the Amazon Basin. The subspecies are found thus:<p>The South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society extends the range of P. a. flavifrons into southeastern Colombia.<p>The bar-breasted piculet primarily inhabits the edges and clearings of humid tropical terra firme forest. It also occurs in várzea forest and secondary forest. In elevation it ranges from near sea level to 1,100 m (3,600 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The bar-breasted piculet is believed to be a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>Little is known about the bar-breasted piculet's foraging strategy, though it appears to prefer the upper canopy. Its diet has not been detailed; it is assumed to be insects and is known to include insect larvae.<p>The bar-breasted piculet's breeding season appears to be from June to November. Nothing else is known about its breeding biology.<p>The bar-breasted piculet's call has been described as "tsirrrit-tsit-tsit" and "extr. high, very thin 'see-see-suw'."
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Woodland Pipit
Anthus nyassae
Large pipit with a streaked back and buffy outer tail feathers. Found in broadleaf woodland, especially miombo and Zambezi teak. Spends most of its time on the ground, but will perch in trees, especially when flushed up. The song consists of three cheeping notes, repeated over and over. Virtually identical to Long-billed Pipit, but has different range and habitat. Similar to Buffy and Plain-backed Pipits, but has streaking on the back, and found in different habitat.
Green-backed Kingfisher
Actenoides monachus
An unmistakable, spectacular large forest kingfisher with a big orange bill, a moss-green back, burnt-orange underparts, and a white throat. Head is bright azure-blue in north and central Sulawesi, but very dark blackish-blue in the south. Females show rufous facial markings that are absent in males. Juveniles are duller, with horn-colored bills. Found singly and in pairs in forest understory of lowlands and lower hills. Vocal around dawn, when it repeats drawn-out mournful whistles, “woooo-eEEE,” that get gradually louder. Also gives a distressed dry chatter.
Spur-winged Lapwing
Vanellus spinosus
This medium-large plover is often locally abundant, noisy, and easy to identify. Its plumage is a striking combination of black, white, and brown. It is very vocal, producing a piercing and repeated “sik-sik-sik…” call. It is found around wetlands, but also away from water in cultivated areas and even suburbia and urban settings. It forages mainly for arthropods, but also small reptiles and amphibians. Lays its eggs on the ground, and is often very aggressive against invaders to its territory, be it a crow or a falcon. Also active at night.
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