Orange-fronted Plushcrown
Metopothrix aurantiaca
Small, yellowish-tan bird. Orange face is unique, but sometimes difficult to see; a more obvious field mark is its bright orange legs. Forages singly or in pairs in the canopy of secondary forest, especially along rivers. Does not usually join mixed-species flocks. Song is a series of very high notes, like a piculet but a little softer.
识别特征
The orange-fronted plushcrown is 11 to 12 cm (4.3 to 4.7 in) long and weighs 10 to 12 g (0.35 to 0.42 oz). The sexes have the same plumage. Adults have an orange forehead ("front") and yellow lores, eyering, and supercilium; the last becomes greenish yellow behind the eye. They have a faint greenish olive line through the eye and greenish olive ear coverts. Their crown, back, rump, and tail are greenish olive, with the rump being somewhat paler. The "plush" of the crown is usually not apparent in the field. Their wings are dark olive fuscous with pale yellow edges on the coverts and flight feathers. Their throat is yellow and the rest of their underparts are dull yellowish green that is slightly paler on the belly. Their iris is brown to dark brown to gray, their maxilla black, their mandible black to gray, and their legs and feet bright yellow-orange to yellow. Juveniles have little or no orange and yellow on their face. It is the only species of furnariid with yellow/greenish plumage and yellow legs, in which it resembles a tanager or warbler.
分类信息
The orange-fronted plushcrown is the only member of its genus and has no subspecies. Its plumage is so unlike that of most members of family Furnariidae that many authors have questioned whether it belongs there. Genetic data show that it and the two species of genus Xenerpestes are sisters, and they in turn are sisters to the pink-legged graveteiro (Acrobatornis fonsecai).
- 学名
- Metopothrix aurantiaca
- 命名信息
- Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1866
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Furnariidae
- 属
- Metopothrix
分布与栖息地
The orange-fronted plushcrown is found in southeastern Colombia's Putumayo and Amazonas departments, eastern Ecuador and Peru, Beni Department in northeastern Bolivia, and from them into western Brazil east to the lower Juruá and upper Purus rivers. It inhabits forest along rivers and islands in them, mature secondary forest, and the edges of clearings in várzea and terra firme forest. It is seldom far from a river. In elevation it generally ranges from 150 to 650 m (490 to 2,100 ft); in Colombia it reaches only 500 m (1,600 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The orange-fronted plushcrown is a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The orange-fronted plushcrown feeds mostly on arthropods and has once been observed feeding on fruit. It typically forages in pairs or small groups that are thought to be families, and occasionally joins mixed-species feeding flocks. It usually forages from the forest's mid-storey to its canopy, gleaning prey from leaves and twigs often by hanging acrobatically from them.<p>The orange-fronted plushcrown's breeding season has not been defined but appears to start with nest building in January. Its nest is a large ball of sticks with a side entrance placed in a tree, typically between 4 and 20 m (13 and 66 ft) above the ground. Nothing else is known about its breeding biology.<p>The orange-fronted plushcrown's song is a descending series of three to five high thin notes. Its call is a thin "tsweet-tsweet".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Sao Tome Grosbeak
Crithagra concolor
A large uniform chestnut finch with a robust pink-horn bill. Endemic to São Tomé and very rare; once thought to be extinct. Found singly and in pairs in primary and secondary forest in remote highlands where good habitat persists. Prefers the middle levels of the forest, but is also occasionally encountered on the ground. Loud human-like whistles, upslurred and high-pitched, “weeeooo” or “wheeet-wheeeoo,” are often the first sign of its presence. The Principe seedeater is much smaller and duller in coloration than Sao Tome Grosbeak.
Swynnerton's Robin
Swynnertonia swynnertoni
Dainty but delightful understory forest robin with gray-green upperparts and apricot underparts, with a diagnostic black margined white throat crescent (sometimes hidden) and dark tail. Immature spotted above and duller below. Singles and pairs are scarce residents skulking close to the open understory of mature montane forest, often near streams, mostly between 850–1800m. Song a clear sweet 3-note whistle “tseee-tuu-tuu” and other similar sounds. The alarm call is a dry chattering “trrrrrt”. The larger White-starred Robin is yellower than Swynnerton’s, including in the tail, has small white spectacles (sometimes inconspicuous) in front of the eye, and lacks a white throat crescent.
Bush Thick-knee
Burhinus grallarius
Distinctive large shorebird with long legs, enormous yellow eye, heavily streaked underparts. During the day stands or sits under small trees/shrubs, often in small groups. When disturbed will lie down and flatten neck to the ground. At night becomes active and wanders around calling its wonderful eerie wailing cry. In cities like Darwin, Cairns, Brisbane it is relatively common in parks, open grounds, camping grounds. More common across northern Australia.
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