Ruddy Treerunner
Margarornis rubiginosus
This small forest bird is bright rufous overall with an obvious white throat and eyebrow. Similar to various spinetails and foliage-gleaners, but it’s the only small rufous-brown bird in its range with such a prominent head pattern. Usually seen singly or in pairs, often following a mixed-species flock. Found in montane forests and edges from 1200m up to treeline. Hitches up mossy branches, probing around for invertebrates.
识别特征
The ruddy treerunner is 15 to 16 cm (5.9 to 6.3 in) long and weighs 17 to 24 g (0.60 to 0.85 oz). The sexes have the same plumage. Adults of the nominate subspecies have a buffy whitish supercilium and eyering on an otherwise dull rufescent brown face. Their crown is dull reddish brown and they have a narrow, paler reddish, collar. Their upperparts and wing coverts are reddish chestnut. Their flight feathers are dark fuscous with rufescent edges. Their tail is a slightly paler reddish chestnut than the back; the ends of the tail feathers lack barbs, giving a spiny appearance. Their throat is whitish with a buffy white lower edge. Their breast is dull rufescent brown with pale buff "Vees" on its upper part and darker buff spots on the lower. Their belly is almost unmarked dull rufescent brown and their flanks and undertail coverts are a darker chestnut brown. Their iris is dark brown to brown, their maxilla brown to black, their mandible pinkish horn to pale pinkish white, and their legs and feet variable from grayish olive to dull pinkish to grayish brown. Juveniles have less distinct markings on their breast than adults. Subspecies M. r. boultoni has a deeper buff supercilium than the nominate, with slightly darker upperparts and deeper, richer, cinnamon underparts with smaller and fewer markings.
分类信息
The ruddy treerunner has two subspecies, the nominate M. r. rubiginosus (Lawrence, 1865) and M. r. boultoni (Griscom, 1924).
- 学名
- Margarornis rubiginosus
- 命名信息
- Lawrence, 1865
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Furnariidae
- 属
- Margarornis
分布与栖息地
The ruddy treerunner is a bird of the highlands. It has a disjunct distribution. The nominate subspecies is found from the Cordillera de Guanacaste in northern Coasta Rica south into Panama's Chiriquí Province. Subspecies M. r. boultoni is found in eastern Chiriquí and Veraguas Provinces. The species inhabits the interior and edges of montane evergreen forest at elevations between 1,200 and 3,000 m (3,900 and 9,800 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The ruddy treerunner is a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The ruddy treerunner feeds on a wide variety of arthropods. It typically forages singly or in pairs, usually in mixed-species feeding flocks, and at any level of the forest. It acrobatically hitches up trunks and along limbs, gleaning prey from branches and epiphytes, often while hanging upside down.<p>The ruddy treerunner's breeding season is not fully defined but appears to span from March to May. It builds an oval ball from moss, pieces of epiphyte, and ferns attached to a tree trunk and lines it with plant fibers and fern scales. Its tubular entrance is at its base. The clutch size, incubation period, and time to fledging are not known. It appears that both parents incubate the eggs, and both are known to care for nestlings.<p>The ruddy treerunner's call is "a thin, whistled tsit, usually in [a] rapid, irregular series". It also makes "metallic chirping notes and a descending trill".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Plumbeous Redstart
Phoenicurus fuliginosus
Small, sturdy songbird of fast-flowing streams and rivers. Regularly ventures into waterside human settlements, around dams, levees, and canals. Male is slaty gray-blue with a brilliant orange tail that is often fanned. Female and juvenile are gunmetal gray with scaly undersides and bright white on the upper half of the tail. High, whistled vocalizations can often be surprisingly audible, even over roaring water.
Chinese Crested Tern
Thalasseus bernsteini
Critically endangered tern, long thought to breed solely on a few islands off the coast of China's Fujian province but recently noted breeding on islets off South Korea as well. Similar to Great Crested Tern (among which it nests) but smaller and paler, with darker outer primaries and dark cap that extends to the base of the orange-tipped bill. Much larger Great Crested has yellowish-green bill and white at bill base. Voice similar to Great Crested but higher in pitch.
European Red-rumped Swallow
Cecropis rufula
Brightly-colored swallow with a deeply forked tail, pale orangish rump, black squared-off undertail coverts, an incomplete orange collar, and faint streaking below. Juveniles average paler and lack extensive orangish tones; may resemble house-martins but note deeply forked tail. Typically glides on stiff, flat wings, flying quite languidly with shallow wingbeats. Builds mud nests in mountains, on sea cliffs, and on buildings and other structures. Forages over open areas. Frequently gives a short, sparrow-like “twi’wit.” Very similar to African Red-rumped Swallow, but shows much heavier streaking below.
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