Malayan Night Heron
Gorsachius melanolophus
Bizarre-looking bird with the squat, staring appearance of a toad. Adult is dark cinnamon-brown with a black crown and a black stripe running from the throat down to the breast. Juvenile is very different, with gray-brown barring all over the body (darkest on the crown). Breeding birds have an especially bright blue facial skin patch between the bill and the eyes; the patch is faded in non-breeders, and yellowish in juveniles. Japanese Night-Heron is similar but averages duller brown with less contrasting black patches. Typically nocturnal and furtive in forested areas, but can frequently be tame and active during the day as well.
识别特征
The Malayan night heron is about 48 cm (19 in) long. The wingspan is about 86 cm (34 in). It is stocky, with a short beak. Its neck and breast are rufous. There are streaks going down the centre of the neck to the breast. The upperparts are chestnut and vermiculated. The flight feathers are blackish. The crown is black, the chin is white, and the eyes are yellow. The beak is black and the legs are greenish. The juvenile is greyish to rufous and is spotted and vermiculated. Males have been reported to have deeper blue lores and a longer crest compared to females during the breeding season. Males develop the dark blue lores 30–60 days prior to pair-bonding, while females had bluish-green lores when they first appeared in the breeding areas. Colours of the lores of both sexes faded as incubation progressed, with colours changing to bluish-green to green to greyish-green. If pairs laid a second clutch, the colouration of their lores were duller than the colouration during the first clutch.
分类信息
- 学名
- Gorsachius melanolophus
- 命名信息
- (Raffles, 1822)
- 目
- Pelecaniformes
- 科
- Ardeidae
- 属
- Gorsachius
分布与栖息地
The Malayan night heron has been found in India, Sri Lanka, Brunei, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, China, Indonesia, the Philippines, Taiwan and Japan. It is a vagrant in Palau and Korea. Its range size is estimated at 1,240,000 km2. One roadkilled bird was discovered on Christmas Island, Australia where it is likely a vagrant. This bird occurs in forests, streams, and marshes. In Japan, population densities of the herons increased as undisturbed forest cover on islands increased.
- 繁殖区
- OR : W Ghats (sw India), ne India through se Asia and se China to Philippines, Peleng (Banggai Is., e of Sulawesi)
- 非繁殖区
- to Sri Lanka, Greater Sundas
- 迁徙
- Complete migrants
保护状况
The bird has a large range and its global population is between 2,000 and 20,000 individuals. Its population trend is not known, but it does not meet the criteria for a vulnerable species status.
- 种群趋势
- unknown
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分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Yellow Chat
Epthianura crocea
Brightly colored, terrestrial songbird of open and arid regions and salt marsh from northern central Australia to northern Western Australia, with isolated subspecies near Darwin and on the coast near Rockhampton, Queensland. Olive above, rich bright yellow below, with yellow head and small black chest patch. In flight, back is the same tone as the wings and contrasts with the yellow uppertail. Females plainer, with yellowish underparts, grayish face, and pale eye.
Blue-and-white Kingfisher
Todiramphus diops
A small kingfisher with bright azure-blue upperparts and a gleaming white underside. Female shows a diagnostic blue chest band. Male is entirely white underneath with a white collar. White wing patches visible in flight. Juveniles has rufous spot beside bill and rufous collar and flanks. Typically found in pairs in open wooded country, plantations, degraded forest and forest edge in the lowlands and foothills, avoiding dense forest. Male lacks green tones above and has an all-dark bill, unlike the larger Collared Kingfisher. Call is a short, strident “rit-tu-tu-tu-tu-tu-rit.”
Variable Hawk
Geranoaetus polyosoma
Common raptor in open spaces in the high Andes and southern South America. Large, relatively broad-winged, and short-tailed raptor. As the name suggests, plumage is quite variable. Adults range from clean white to dark gray and rufous below with a gray or rufous back. Always look for the white tail with a black band near the tip. Juveniles are more confusing, usually dark brown above and buffy below with a variable amount of dark streaking below. Juveniles can also be all dark brown (but this morph is rare). Compare with Black-chested Buzzard-Eagle, which is larger and broader-winged, with young birds usually darker than most Variable Hawks. Occurs from sea level up to over 4,500 m in the Andes, typically in open agricultural land, desert, or paramo, but also ranging over wooded areas.
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