Latham's Snipe
Gallinago hardwickii
Long-billed skulking shorebird of muddy edges in freshwater wetlands. Breeds in Japan and spends the nonbreeding season mainly in eastern Australia. When disturbed it erupts from cover with loud "chek" call and zig-zags away in flight. Can be extremely hard to identify from other Australian snipes (Pin-tailed and Swinhoe's); when possible focus on length of toes trailing behind tail in flight (Latham's has almost no toes projecting behind tail).
识别特征
The snipe is 29–33 cm long, with a wingspan of 50–54 cm and weight of 150–230 g.<p>It is identifiable as a Gallinago snipe by its cryptically-patterned black, brown, buff and white plumage but, in the field, it is not easily distinguished from Swinhoe's and pin-tailed snipe, though it is slightly larger.
分类信息
- 学名
- Gallinago hardwickii
- 命名信息
- (Gray, JE, 1831)
- 目
- Charadriiformes
- 科
- Scolopacidae
- 属
- Gallinago
分布与栖息地
The snipe breeds mainly in Hokkaidō in northern Japan, with smaller numbers on Honshū, the eastern Russian mainland and Sakhalin and, historically, the Kurile Islands. The entire population migrates and spends the non-breeding season principally in eastern Australia, where it is the commonest Gallinago snipe. It has been recorded on migration in Taiwan, the Philippines and New Guinea, and is a rare straggler to New Zealand.<p>The snipe's breeding habitat in Asia includes alpine moorland, grasslands, rough pasture, young tree plantations and cultivated areas. Non-breeding habitat in Australia is shallow freshwater wetlands of various kinds, with bare mud or shallow water for feeding and nearby vegetation cover for shelter.
- 繁殖区
- PAL : meadows and fields of temperate ne Palearctic: e Amurland and s Sakhalin (se Russia) and s Kuril Is. s through Honshu and ?Kyushu (n to s Japan)
- 非繁殖区
- AU : tropical to temperate freshwater wetlands: e Australia including Tasmania
- 迁徙
- Complete migrants
行为
Courtship consists of display flights and drumming by the males. It nests on the ground, concealed in vegetation, with a clutch of four eggs.<p>Latham's snipe is an omnivorous species that feeds on seeds and other plant material (mainly from species in families such as Cyperaceae, Poaceae, Juncaceae, Polygonaceae, Ranunculaceae and Fabaceae), and on invertebrates including insects (mainly flies and beetles), earthworms, spiders and occasionally molluscs, isopods and centipedes.
保护状况
Internationally, Latham's snipe is considered to be a species near threatened. In Australia it was previously hunted as a gamebird but is now fully protected and is listed as Vulnerable under the Australian EPBC Act, following assessment in the 2020. It is listed as "rare" under South Australia's National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972.
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Short-billed Pipit
Anthus furcatus
Slender brown and buff bird with a streaked breast found in short grassland, pastures, and sparsely vegetated plains. White outer tail feathers are most evident in flight. Similar to several other pipits; some field marks to look for include its relative plain back lacking thick stripes, faint eyebrow, thin whisker mark, and whitish (not buff) belly. Voice is often the best ID feature. Song, often given in flight, consists of a short rasp followed by a quick series of melodious chirps. Usually stays on the ground, but occasionally flies up to an exposed perch such as a post or mound. Note that birds of the high Andes are now considered a different species, Puna Pipit.
Apostlebird
Struthidea cinerea
Sturdy dark gray bird with stout black bill, plain in plumage but full of character. Usually in family groups that forage low and on the ground, following each other around, gliding between trees and chattering to each other constantly with scratchy, squeaky calls. Habituated to people in some camping and picnic areas. Inhabits eastern Australia; more common in drier inland areas but sometimes found in coastal areas (e.g., parts of Brisbane).
Collared Inca
Coeligena torquata
This large, flashy hummingbird is a common resident throughout much of the Andes, where it inhabits lush cloud forest and frequently visits feeders. Note the white breast patch and long, straight bill. The white tail markings really stand out when it flares its tail, which it often does when interacting with other hummers around feeders. Male is darker than female, sometimes almost black, which makes his colorful crown patch more evident. Birds found south of central Peru and north of the Colombia-Venezuela border region are now considered to be separate species, Gould’s Inca and Green Inca respectively.
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