Nilgiri Thrush

Huge gamebird of conifer forest, adjacent moorland, and clearings with shrubs, mainly in wilder areas. Mostly elusive, but occasional males go "rogue" and attack hikers. Groups of males display just after dawn in early spring, holding their tail raised and fanned like a turkey. Massive male is blackish overall with long tail, white shoulder spot. Female appreciably smaller than male, told from smaller female Black Grouse by unbarred rusty breast and bright rusty tail with black bars.

This antwren is known only from a small area in northeastern Peru and adjacent border areas of Ecuador. It is confined to rainforest that grows in nutrient-poor soils with a specific mineral composition. Note the yellowish underparts, black crown and black eye-stripe separated by a pale eyebrow, and bold white wingbars and tail edges. Similar to Dugand’s Antwren, but male has yellowish underparts and female has a black (not brown) crown. Stays quite high in the trees and often joins mixed-species flocks. Song is decelerating series of notes that rises and then falls.

Brightly-marked medium-sized leaf warbler. Bright yellow-green above with two long yellow wingbars, white underparts, a broad yellowish eyebrow, and a pale crown stripe. Bill is long and bicolored: gray above, orange below. Most similar in appearance to “Blyth’s-type” warblers, but crown stripe narrower and less diffuse. “White-tailed-type” warblers such as Davison’s can also be similar, but Emei averages duller green above with less intense yellow areas. Breeding range highly restricted: only known from a handful of sites in central China, where it is found in mid- to high-altitude hill and montane deciduous broadleaveded or mixed forests. Wintering range essentially unknown, but has turned up in Myanmar. Song is a medium-length resonant trill; calls include “chup” and “chew”.