Caspian Gull
Larus cachinnans
Difficult to separate from Yellow-legged Gulls and Herring Gulls without a careful appraisal of plumage characters. Candidate birds may draw attention by slender-billed, long-legged, and slim appearance. Flattened crown, rather small dark eyes, and usually unstreaked head are also useful characters. Wingtip (primary) feathers in adults have long tongues of white that penetrate into the black tips. Juveniles have prominent pale underwings. Breeds and winters predominantly on inland water bodies with some movement toward coasts in winter.
识别特征
It is a large gull at 56–68 cm (22–27 in) long, with a 137 to 155 cm (54 to 61 in) wingspan and a body mass of 680–1,590 g (1.50–3.51 lb). Among standard measurements, the wing chord is 38.5 to 48 cm (15.2 to 18.9 in), the bill is 4.6 to 6.4 cm (1.8 to 2.5 in) and the tarsus is 5.8 to 7.7 cm (2.3 to 3.0 in). The Caspian gull has a long, slender bill, accentuated by the sloping forehead. The legs, wings, and neck are longer than those of the herring gull and yellow-legged gull. The eye is small and often dark, and the legs vary from pale pink to a pale yellowish colour. The back and wings are a slightly darker shade of grey than the herring gull, but slightly paler than the yellow-legged gull. The outermost primary feather has a large white tip and a white tongue running up the inner web.<p>First-winter birds have a pale head with dark streaking on the back of the neck. The underparts are pale and the back is greyish. The greater and median wing coverts have whitish tips forming two pale lines across the wing.
分类信息
- 学名
- Larus cachinnans
- 命名信息
- Pallas, 1811
- 目
- Charadriiformes
- 科
- Laridae
- 属
- Larus
分布与栖息地
The Caspian gull breeds around the Black and Caspian Seas, extending eastwards across Central Asia to north-west China. In Europe, it has been spreading north and west and now breeds in Poland, eastern Germany, southern Russia and all year round in Ukraine. Some birds migrate south as far as the Red Sea and Persian Gulf, while others disperse into Western Europe, in countries such as Sweden, Norway and Denmark or the Benelux and even North of France. Small numbers are now seen regularly in Britain, especially in South-east England, East Anglia, and the Midlands.
- 繁殖区
- PAL : inland s Poland and Hungary e through Black, Caspian and Aral seas to e Kazakhstan
- 非繁殖区
- to se Europe, Black Sea, e Mediterranean, Persian Gulf and n Arabian Sea
- 迁徙
- Complete migrants
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- rising
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
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Phoenicurus bicolor
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Scottish Crossbill
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A fairly common cloud forest tapaculo found in the eastern Andes of northern and central Peru. Adult is gray with brown bars on the lower underparts. Young birds are browner and extensively marked with buff bars and scales. Similar to Trilling Tapaculo and Junin Tapaculo, and identification should be based on range and voice. Rufous-vented Tapaculo gives sharp chips and low frog-like notes, either alone or in an accelerating series. Inhabits forest understory and usually tough to see.
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