Black-and-white Tanager

Dull brown bulbul with a long slender bill and pale gray eyes. Gray-eyed Bulbul is very similar but has darker, buffier underparts and is more warmly-colored overall; ironically, Gray-eyed Bulbul’s buffy rump is brighter. Olive Bulbuls are dark-eyed and darker overall, with little to no contrast between upper- and underparts. Inhabits forest and forest edge from lowlands up into the foothills. Gives sharp, high “whit” and “cher-wit” calls.

Fairly large falcon; rare and local around clearings within large tracts of mature forest from southern Mexico to extreme northern Argentina. Very similar to much more common Bat Falcon. Small male Orange-breasted and large female Bat are especially confusing. Orange-breasted usually looks bulkier with proportionally larger head and feet. Look for coarser barring on underparts with broader white tips and bars on each feather, and more contrast between white throat and orange upper breast and neck sides. Beware some Bat Falcons have extensive orange wash on neck. Occurs singly or in pairs, often perched conspicuously in the canopy or on an exposed snag.

Cryptic heron of freshwater marshes in tropical lowlands. Usually in areas with tall grasses or rushes, rarely in open situations. When alarmed, often freezes motionless with neck upstretched. The neck is finely barred horizontally, but the body plumage is vertically streaked (not horizontally barred and banded, as on immature tiger-herons). Compare with immature night-herons, which have streaked, not finely barred necks.