Mangrove Vireo

Large, plain rail with two color morphs, either dark chocolate brown or paler medium brown. Most with a few white feathers on head and back, especially dark morph. More often in pairs than alone, walking in the darkest areas of mangroves. Occurs in coastal salt lagoons, preferably in black mangrove and occasionally in red mangrove. Easy to find by voice, although sounds virtually identical to Mangrove Rail. In its habitat, the only all-brown rail with no barring on underparts. Range restricted and endangered, endemic to a small section of coast in northern Venezuela.

A fairly large and distinctive rainforest greenbul. Mostly dark olive-green, with a brown tail and some blue-gray bare skin around the eye. The bright yellow throat feathers are slightly puffy. Generally uncommon and inconspicuous in the understory and at middle levels of lowland rainforest. Similar in appearance to Western Bearded-Greenbul, but smaller, with a less puffy throat and no gray in the plumage. Similar to Red-tailed Greenbul, but has a yellow rather than pure white throat. Somewhat similar to Icterine Greenbul, but larger and much darker on the breast and belly. The song is a series of 3-4 chatty notes, sometimes ending on an upward inflection; similar to the song of Red-tailed Greenbul, but lower-pitched and less cheerful. 

Plumage is rather dark overall, grayish above and dull wine-red below; note narrow red eyering and fairly bright yellowish legs. No similar species in most of its range. Skulking and difficult to see well, although when singing in spring may perch atop a bush, the long tail often held slightly cocked. Song is composed of short whistles and harsher rattles; calls are dry and scolding. Breeds in dense scrubby habitats, especially heathland with gorse. Winters in similar habitats, albeit averaging more open and occasionally grassy.