Chaco Chachalaca
Ortalis canicollis
Large noisy bird with a long tail. Rather uniform brown plumage with little contrast between its head and the rest of the body. Inhabits swampy forest, savanna, and second growth, where found in groups which may exceed 30 individuals. Feeds on fruits and seeds on the ground or in trees. Gives a typical loud chachalaca song, a rollicking duet “bink, ka chee chaw raw taw, chaw raw taw, chaw raw taw.” Calls include a low “cha-cha-cha.”
识别特征
The Chaco chachalaca is 50 to 56 cm (1.6 to 1.8 ft) long and weighs 479 to 678 g (1.1 to 1.5 lb). The nominate subspecies' head, back, and breast are gray and the belly tan to brown. It has bare pinkish red skin around the eye. O. c. pantanalensis is browner and the facial skin is more purplish than pinkish.
分类信息
The Chaco chachalaca has two recognized subspecies, the nominate Ortalis canicollis canicollis (Wagler, 1830) and O. c. pantanalensis (Cherrie and Reichenberger, 1921). The latter might actually be a subspecies of plain chachalaca (O. vetula) or a species in its own right. The Paraguayan population has been treated as a separate subspecies but that status has not been generally accepted.
- 学名
- Ortalis canicollis
- 命名信息
- (Wagler, 1830)
- 目
- Galliformes
- 科
- Cracidae
- 属
- Ortalis
分布与栖息地
The nominate subspecies of Chaco chachalaca is found in the Gran Chaco of eastern Bolivia, western Paraguay, and northern Argentina. O. c. pantanalensis is found in southwestern Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul of Brazil. There are also unconfirmed reports of it in neighboring Bolivia and Paraguay. The South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society considers the species to be hypothetical in Uruguay.<p>The Chaco chachalaca inhabits a variety of landscapes including lowland swamp forest and scrub, dry subtropical forest, semi-deciduous and gallery forest, and palm groves. It can be found in both mature and secondary forest. In Brazil and Paraguay it is found only at low elevations but can be found as high as about 1,000 m (3,300 ft) in Argentina.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
In forest landscapes, the Chaco chachalaca usually forages in small groups though as many as 30 have been observed. It usually feeds in the crown of trees but in areas with little undergrowth will also feed on the ground. In Argentina groups of up to 150 have been observed feeding in agricultural land far from cover. Its diet is primarily fruits and leaves year round and it adds invertebrates, especially caterpillars, when they are seasonally abundant.<p>The Chaco chachalaca's breeding season in Argentina spans from October to February and apparently begins as early as August in Bolivia. The nest is a small loose platform of sticks and stems that is sometimes lined with leaves. It is placed in a dense bush or tree, usually between 2.5 and 4 m (8.2 and 13 ft) above the ground. The clutch size is two to four eggs that the female alone incubates.<p>The Chaco chachalaca's principal vocalization is given in the early morning, a "harsh, raucous 'chata-ra-ta'...or 'bink, ka chee chaw raw taw, chaw raw taw, chaw raw taw'." It has several other vocalizations described as an "insistent “prep-ep-ep-ep”, an ascending and somewhat querulous 'preeeeew-it', a 'chack' in alarm and a low-pitched upslurred whistle 'WOOoooooiiK' in warning; also dog-like yelping".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
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Myiarchus magnirostris
Drab but entertaining flycatcher endemic to Galápagos. Plumage is largely brownish-gray with a yellow belly, pale gray throat, and white wingbars; head has a rusty tinge in fresh plumage. Also note stout bill. The only member of its genus found in Galápagos, greatly simplifying ID. Completely fearless of people. Energetically chases insects from the ground or from elevated perches, such as bushes, cacti, spotting scopes, and surprised tourists.
Whistling Kite
Haliastur sphenurus
Large sandy-colored raptor. In flight it has a strong underwing pattern, and holds its wings in a bent M-shape. Tail is relatively long and slightly rounded. Calls loudly with a distinctive repeated whistle. Common along coasts and waterways where it scavenges for fish.
Buff-breasted Paradise-Kingfisher
Tanysiptera sylvia
Colorful kingfisher with very long white tail streamers, rusty-red underparts, and bright red bill. Head and wings blue, with black ‘eye-mask’ and white stripe running down the back. Juvenile has shorter tail streamers and a black bill. In the summer, breeds in the wet tropics of far north Queensland and southeast New Guinea, where it nests in burrows in termite mounds. Queensland birds migrate to New Guinea during the middle of the year.
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