Blackish Rail
Pardirallus nigricans
Medium-sized marsh bird, plump and chickenlike. Slaty gray below and brown above. Note bright red legs and long greenish-yellow bill. Most similar to Plumbeous Rail but lacks red on base of bill. Found in marshy habitats including pastures and rice fields. Secretive but sometimes seen feeding at the edge of dense grasses; flicks tail when it walks. More often heard than seen: listen for loud, grating squeals.
识别特征
The blackish rail is 27 to 29 cm (11 to 11 in) long; one male weighed 217 g (7.7 oz). The sexes are alike. They have a long yellow-green bill and pinkish legs. The nominate subspecies has unmarked dark brown upperparts, a white chin and throat, and dark gray face and underparts. P. n. caucae is larger than the nominate and has a larger and whiter throat patch and paler underparts especially at the vent.
分类信息
The blackish rail has previously been placed in the large genus Rallus, and also in genus Orygonax with the plumbeous rail (Pardirallus sanguinolentus). Some authors propose that the blackish and plumbeous rails are conspecific, and they do form a superspecies. The blackish rail has two subspecies, the nominate P. n. nigricans and P. n. caucae.
- 学名
- Pardirallus nigricans
- 命名信息
- (Vieillot, 1819)
- 目
- Gruiformes
- 科
- Rallidae
- 属
- Pardirallus
分布与栖息地
The blackish rail has a disjunct distribution. The nominate subspecies has two populations. One is found from northeastern Brazil south and west to southeastern Brazil, northern Argentina, and eastern Paraguay. The other forms a rough crescent from western Brazil through central Peru and Ecuador nearly to the border with Colombia. There are also sight records in Bolivia that lead the South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society to call it hypothetical in that country. Subspecies P. n. caucae is found in central Colombia (it is named for the Cauca River). The species has been documented in western Venezuela, but whether as a member of P. n. caucae or an undescribed subspecies is not known. <p>The blackish rail inhabits wet landscapes including marshes, heavily vegetated waterways, rice fields, wet grasslands, and lightly wooded swamps. It is mostly a bird of the lowlands but in the Andes is found between 800 and 2,200 m (2,600 and 7,200 ft) and there is one record in Peru at about 4,100 m (13,500 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
No movement by the blackish rail has been documented except for the vagrant in Peru.<p>The blackish rail usually forages in cover but occasionally in the open at the edges of vegetation or in small clear areas. Its diet is not known but is assumed to be insects and other invertebrates. There is one record of an individual "venturing 5m into [a] restaurant garden for food scraps."<p>The blackish rail's breeding season has not been determined. One nest of either the blackish or plumbeous rail was a cup placed among shoots on a stump in a swamp. The clutch size is two or three and the incubation time (in captivity) is 18 to 21 days. The black downy chicks leave the nest soon after they hatch, and both parents care for the chicks.<p>The blackish rail has a large vocal repertoire. What is thought to be a male song is a "very sharp, loud, penetrating, repeated 'whuueeee' or 'wheee'." Other vocalizations have been described as a "very fast, metallic 'tii'd'dit'", a "complaining 'keeeeaaa'", a "rapid, repeated 'chchchee'" and a "sharp double squeak".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- unknown
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Puno Antpitta
Grallaria sinaensis
Medium-sized and rather plain antpitta found in the eastern Andes near the border between Peru and Bolivia. It is one of several new species described in 2020 which used to be known as Rufous Antpitta. Plumage is mostly reddish brown, becoming slightly buffy on the belly. Songs include a quick, whistled “do-it” and a longer series that first drops in pitch and then rises. Inhabits high elevation cloud forest and usually stays on the ground, but may come a bit higher to sing.
Unicolored Thrush
Turdus haplochrous
Drab thrush endemic to floodplain forest of the Río Mamoré and tributaries surrounded by the flooded Moxos grasslands in El Beni, central Bolivia. From similar Hauxwell’s and Black-billed Thrushes by dull olive bill, exposed yellowish orbital skin, and relatively plain throat. Difficult to see, mainly because most of its habitat is tough to access. Song low, full whistles, 5-6 notes with little variation. Calls short full notes, or longer nasal calls.
Brown-headed Paradise-Kingfisher
Tanysiptera danae
A long-tailed kingfisher of lowland and foothill forest. Brown head and back, orange underparts and rump, deep blue shoulder and long tail with narrow white tips. Sits quietly in the mid-story, occasionally pumping the tail and flicking it right up when startled. Similar to Buff-breasted Paradise-Kingfisher, but Brown-headed has a brown rather than black and blue head and lacks the white stripe down the back. Song, a rising and falling (or just falling) and accelerating series of notes ending in a trill “weeep weep wewewewweewe……..”
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