Subantarctic Snipe
Coenocorypha aucklandica
Small brown- and black-mottled wader with a long, slightly downcurved bill. The only snipe species known to occupy the Auckland, Campbell, and Antipodes Islands, with slight variations in size and markings between the three island subspecies. Prefers dense vegetation during the daytime. Male call often heard at dawn and dusk. Call is a “trerk trerk trerk” occasionally building to a “queeyoo queeyoo.” The Maori name (Hakawai) is given to their nocturnal aerial flight display, which includes a roaring sound of air vibrating through their spread tail feathers. Distinguished from possible vagrant Latham’s Snipe by smaller size and shorter wings and legs.
识别特征
The Subantarctic snipe is a small wading bird with adults growing to about 23 cm (9 in) in length. It has cryptic brown plumage, sturdy legs and a slender beak about 5 cm (2 in) long. The head is striped in black and reddish brown and the body is brown, mottled with black and reddish brown.
分类信息
- 学名
- Coenocorypha aucklandica
- 命名信息
- (Gray, GR, 1845)
- 目
- Charadriiformes
- 科
- Scolopacidae
- 属
- Coenocorypha
分布与栖息地
The Subantarctic snipe is endemic to certain islands to the south of New Zealand. Each island or group of islands has its own subspecies. New Zealand formerly had two mainland species of snipe, but both of these are extinct. The South Island snipe (C. iredalei) became extinct on Jacky Lee Island when the flightless weka was introduced and on Taukihepa / Big South Cape Island (both the former and the latter muttonbird islands south of Stewart Island), its last refuge after black rats (Rattus rattus) arrived there in 1964. The last North Island Snipe (C. barrierensis) was seen in 1870 on Little Barrier Island. The Campbell Island Snipe (C. a. perseverance) were nearly extinguished but a few remained on an outlying islet and recolonised the main island when rats were exterminated there. A further two subspecies are the Antipodes snipe(C. a. meinertzhagenae) on the Antipodes Islands and the Auckland Island snipe(C. a. aucklandica) on the Auckland Islands. The Snares Island snipe (Coenocorypha huegeli) was formerly thought to be a subspecies of the Subantarctic snipe, but is now recognised as a separate species.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The Subantarctic snipe seldom flies, is relatively tame and nests on the ground and this puts it at risk of predation by land-based predators. It favours areas of dense ground cover and feeds on a range of invertebrates. It has a characteristic courtship display which takes place at night when males make vertical dives from considerable heights. Nesting takes place at different dates between August and January on the different islands.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
White-bellied Thicket-Fantail
Rhipidura leucothorax
A medium-sized, long-tailed bird of lowland and foothill wooded thickets. Blackish plumage with short white eye-brow, white patch on the side of the throat and prominent white tail tips. Also white-spotted chest and wing bars. Secretive and difficult to see. Keeps to cover with tail often cocked and fanned. Similar to Black Thicket-Fantail, but White-bellied unsurprisingly has a white belly. Also similar to Sooty Thick-Fantail but has the white tail tips. Voice, a falling note followed by a high-pitch ringing note “joo-wii!”
Yellow-footed Gull
Larus livens
Large, dark-backed, and stout-billed gull. Adult has dark slaty gray back like Western Gull, but note the rich yellow legs. Immature plumages look much like Western Gull and other large gulls; overall brown in first year with pinkish legs, developing gray back and yellow legs in second year. Restricted range around the Gulf of California in Mexico; some disperse north to the Salton Sea in California. Favors beaches, rocky and muddy intertidal habitats, and fishing harbors.
Parrot Crossbill
Loxia pytyopsittacus
Bull-necked, big-headed crossbill with a deep and heavy bill, otherwise identical to Red Crossbill. Males are red; females and juveniles greenish. Deeper call notes "chup, chup" subtly different from Red Crossbill. Occurs mainly in mature and tall coniferous forests, especially pine forests, although may be found in spruce and conifer plantations during periodic irruptions following pine-cone crop failure.
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