Rufous-browed Wren
Troglodytes rufociliatus
Very small, rather short-tailed wren of highland forests, woodland edges, thickets, and brush piles. Usually rather skulking, low in dense tangles, but sometimes sings from an exposed perch. Face and breast are bright rusty orange with pale eyering. Flanks, wings, and tail are obviously barred. House Wren is larger, longer tailed, and much duller and paler on face and underparts. Voice distinctive.
识别特征
The rufous-browed wren is 10 to 11.5 cm (3.9 to 4.5 in) long and weighs 11 g (0.39 oz). The adults of both sexes of the nominate subspecies have a dark brown crown, back, and rump and a warm brown tail. Their back and tail have dark bars. They have a pale buff supercilium and darker brown cheeks. Their chin is buffy and their throat and chest yellowish buff that is darker on the sides. The lower belly and vent area are barred. Compared to the nominate, T. r. chiapensis is darker above with a rufous cast to the throat and a white belly, T. r. nannoides's back is darker and the barring on the flanks heavier, and T. r. rehni is more reddish brown above and its throat more yellowish.
分类信息
The rufous-browed wren has been treated as conspecific with the mountain wren (Troglodytes solstitialis) but DNA analysis supports that it is a species in its own right. It has four subspecies, the nominate Troglodytes rufociliatus rufociliatus, T. r. chiapensis, T. r. nannoides, and T. r. rehni.
- 学名
- Troglodytes rufociliatus
- 命名信息
- Sharpe, 1882
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Troglodytidae
- 属
- Troglodytes
分布与栖息地
T. r. chiapensis is the most northerly of the rufous-browed wren subspecies; it is found in the mountains of Chiapas in southern Mexico. The nominate T. r. rufociliatus is found in central and southern Guatemala and northern El Salvador. T. r. nannoides is limited to Santa Ana Volcano in western El Salvador. T. r. rehni is found in Honduras and northwestern Nicaragua.<p>The rufous-browed wren inhabits humid montane forest of several types. In Guatemala it ranges in elevation from 1,700 to 3,500 m (5,600 to 11,500 ft) but has been found as low as 1,250 m (4,100 ft) in Nicaragua.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The rufous-browed wren usually forages in pairs, and usually near the ground in thick foliage but also in aerial epiphytes. It has been recorded taking caterpillars but further details of its diet are lacking.<p>The rufous-browed wren's nesting season appears to span from late April to early July. Three nests have been found, all of them in Guatemala. They were cups constructed of dry grass and pine needles. Two were in cavities in tree stumps and the third in a hole in the ground. The female alone incubated the eggs. Unusually for a wren, the male sometimes fed the female on the nest.<p>The rufous-browed wren's song is "a varied, scratchy warble running into tinkling trill" and its call "a loud nasal 'zhweet'".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Jerdon's Nightjar
Caprimulgus atripennis
Large-headed nightjar with a bright white throat. Male shows bright white patches near the wingtips and on the edges of the tail that are buffy-brown in females. Large-tailed Nightjar is very similar; in Jerdon’s, look for less-streaked crown and smaller wing patches. Indian Nightjar is smaller and much more intricately patterned, lacking the white throat. Song is a strange bubbling “bwr-wr-wr,” usually heard at dusk or dawn in wooded areas.
Green-breasted Mountain-gem
Lampornis sybillae
Medium-sized hummingbird, not particularly bright. Green above and dingy grayish below with dense green spots on sides and breast. Adult males have iridescent green throat that looks gray at most angles; females and young birds have white or buffy throat. In all plumages, look for white line behind eye. Tail dark with white outer tail feathers. Found in montane forests and edges, often with pines and oaks.
Red-throated Swallow
Petrochelidon rufigula
A small, stocky, martin-like swallow that has dark upperparts mottled around the hindneck and back, rusty throat with an indistinct partial dark collar, and a paler buffy belly. In flight, rusty rump and white blotches in the tail are distinctive. Pairs and small flocks are residents and partial migrants foraging over open grassland and rivers, often nesting on cliffs, buildings, or bridges. Calls include a high-pitched twittering, especially at colonies. During May to August overlaps with intra-African migrant South African Swallow, which is very similar to Red-throated Swallow, but is larger and bulkier, lacks white in the tail, and has dark breast mottling forming a smudgy collar.
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