Common Scoter
Melanitta nigra
Fairly common sea duck; feeds by diving. Breeds on tundra lakes; winters at sea in coastal bays, estuaries, harbors. Rarely seen inland on fresh water, mainly during migration periods. Occurs locally in flocks of hundreds, but also found as singles and small groups. Male distinctive: wholly black with raised knob at base of bill, yellow wedge on top of bill. Female dark brown overall with pale cheeks. In flight looks all-dark, often flying in rather tight groups low to fairly high over the sea.
识别特征
It is characterised by its bulky shape and large bill. The male is all black with a bulbous bill which shows some yellow coloration around the nostrils. The female is a brown bird with pale cheeks, very similar to female black scoter.<p>This species can be distinguished from other scoters, apart from black scoter, by the lack of white anywhere on the drake and the more extensive pale areas on the female.<p>Black scoter and common scoter have diagnosably distinct vocalisations.
分类信息
- 学名
- Melanitta nigra
- 命名信息
- (Linnaeus, 1758)
- 目
- Anseriformes
- 科
- Anatidae
- 属
- Melanitta
分布与栖息地
- 繁殖区
- PAL : se Greenland, Iceland, Scotland, and n, w Scandinavia to Olenyok River (nc Siberia)
- 非繁殖区
- to Baltic and North sea coasts, and Atlantic coast to nw Africa
- 迁徙
- Complete migrants
行为
It winters farther south in temperate zones, on the coasts of Europe as far south as Morocco. It forms large flocks on suitable coastal waters. These are tightly packed, and the birds tend to take off and dive together.<p>The lined nest is built on the ground close to the sea, lakes or rivers, in woodland or tundra. 6-8 eggs are laid.<p>This species dives for crustaceans and molluscs; it also eats aquatic insects and small fish when on fresh water.<p>The common scoter is one of the species to which the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA) applies.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- unknown
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Rose-faced Parrot
Pyrilia pulchra
Beautiful parrot found in Andean cloud forest in western Ecuador and western Colombia. Green with golden breast and neck, and a red face bordered with black. Nothing similar occurs in range. Most often encountered flying rapidly overhead in small flocks that give piercing shrieks. Feeds on fruiting trees, usually high in the canopy, but sometimes descends lower where there is abundant food.
Cuckoo-roller
Leptosomus discolor
A large, big-headed, short-legged bird that is very odd in almost every way, especially in the position of the eye near the top of the head. Males have a pale head and underparts and a colorful iridescent back. Females are rufous brown with heavy spotting below. Found in all forest types, and sometimes in adjacent scrub and plantations. Often perches and feeds in the canopy, though rarely on an emergent branch. Males and pairs frequently make soaring display flights, constantly giving incredibly loud and persistent three-part wailing calls. Much larger than Broad-billed Roller, with a dark bill. Looks raptor-like, but has a huge head, small bill, and less powerful wingbeats.
Japanese Night Heron
Gorsachius goisagi
A small brown heron with awkward-looking, hunched appearance. Occurs in dense, damp lowland and foothill forests next to bodies of water, where it hunts prey in dense cover. Paler crown and weaker crest than similar Malayan Night-Heron and lacks the white wingtips of that species. Shy and difficult to see; most readily observed during migration, when it sometimes visits more open habitats. Gives hooting calls at regular intervals, especially in early evening.
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