Merida Starfrontlet
Coeligena eos
Large, long-billed hummingbird endemic to the Andes of Venezuela. Its bold, buffy-orange wing patches distinguish it from all other hummingbirds in its range. Male has a glittering violet throat patch, green forehead, and golden belly. Female is plainer with buffy underparts scaled with green. Inhabits high elevation cloud forest, and often seen feeding vertically on long, tubular flowers. Formerly treated as a subspecies of Golden-bellied Starfrontlet.
识别特征
The golden-tailed starfrontlet is about 11.4 cm (4.5 in) long including its 3.0 cm (1.2 in) bill. Males weigh about of 6.8 g (0.24 oz) and females 6.4 g (0.23 oz). Both sexes have a white spot behind the eye. Adult males have a blackish crown with a glittering green forehead. Their upper back is shining golden green that transitions to the gold to golden orange rump. The throat and breast are glittering green and the throat has a small violet patch. The rest of the underparts are variable, from glittering coppery red to reddish gold. The undertail coverts are light cinnamon. The wings are dark with a rufous patch on the tertials. The slightly forked tail is rufous or cinnamon tipped with golden bronze. The adult female's forehead is plain green; the rest of the upperparts are colored like the male's but are duller. The throat is plain cinnamon buff and has green spots on its sides. The breast is mottled buff and green. The rest of the underparts are mostly cinnamon with a fiery gold belly and a coppery gold vent area.
分类信息
The golden-bellied starfrontlet and most other members of genus Coeligena were at one time placed in genus Helianthea but have been in their current placement since the mid-1900s. The International Ornithological Committee (IOC), the Clements taxonomy, and BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World recognize the golden-tailed starfrontlet as a monotypic species, though each gives it a different English name. The South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society (SACC) considers it to be a subspecies of the golden-bellied starfrontlet (C. bonapartei) but is seeking a proposal to elevate it to species status.
- 学名
- Coeligena eos
- 命名信息
- (Gould, 1848)
- 目
- Caprimulgiformes
- 科
- Trochilidae
- 属
- Coeligena
分布与栖息地
The golden-tailed starfrontlet is found in the Andes of western Venezuela between the states of Lara and Táchira. It primarily inhabits the interior and edges of humid montane forest. It also occurs in dwarf forest and more open landscapes with scattered vegetation. In elevation it ranges from 1,400 to 3,200 m (4,600 to 10,500 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The golden-tailed starfrontlet apparently moves to higher elevation during the rainy season.<p>The golden-tailed starfrontlet gathers nectar from long tubular flowers, usually of low to medium height. It has been observed feeding at Ericaceae and at plants of genera Centropogon and Fuchsia. In addition to feeding on nectar it captures small arthropods by gleaning from foliage, hovering, and by hawking.<p>The golden-tailed starfrontlet's breeding season appears to be from January to March. It makes a cup nest of moss, lichens, and rootlets lined with softer plant material, and typically attaches it to a vertical branch within vegetation. Nothing else is known about its breeding biology.<p>As of early 2023 neither xeno-canto nor the Cornell Lab of Ornithology's Macaulay Library had any recordings of the golden-tailed starfrontlet's vocalizations.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
其他鸟类
Great Potoo
Nyctibius grandis
A monstrous nightbird, superficially similar to an owl but not related. Pale mottled gray with large head; larger than other potoos and lacks a dark mustache stripe. Well camouflaged and difficult to spot; most often seen roosting on a horizontal limb during the day (less often on a broken off snag like other potoos). Found in forested areas and edges. Active at night, when it feeds on large insects. Listen for its terrifying call, a harsh descending scream.
Leaden Flycatcher
Myiagra rubecula
A long-tailed, slender songbird with fine bill. Males rich blue-gray above, white below, with a blue-gray bib with convex lower edge (curves upward at the edges). Crown paler than throat, lending male a bearded appearance in optimal light. Male Satin Flycatcher has uniformly dark head, blackish (not grayish) tail feathers, and concave bib edge. Female paler blue-gray above, with pale orange throat and breast. Inhabits varied woodlands, perches high in the canopy, often shakes the tail rapidly. Song a repeated two-note whistle; call a loud buzzing “zerp.”
Chestnut-capped Laughingthrush
Pterorhinus mitratus
Slaty gray laughingthrush with a rusty-red crown and bright white arcs around the eyes. Also note orangish vent and bright white wing panel. A species of foothill and montane forest and forest edge. Often a component of mixed flocks, within which it typically moves in the lower and middle levels of forest. Gives a repetitive whooping “nyehnyehnyehnyeh” as flocks move through the forest; also gives various churring and cackling calls.
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