White-tailed Sabrewing
Campylopterus ensipennis
Large hummingbird with a mostly white tail, decurved bill, white spot behind eye, blue throat, and green body. Female has a whitish moustache, smaller blue throat patch, and dull underparts with green speckles. Locally common in humid forest, forest edges, Heliconia patches, coffee plantations, and banana plantations. Usually found singly; territorial, perching at medium levels or at the top in forest. Voice a series of bisyllabic “tzchink” notes. Restricted to Tobago and the Turimiquire and Paria regions of northeastern Venezuela.
识别特征
The white-tailed sabrewing is about 12 to 13 cm (4.7 to 5.1 in) long. Males weigh 9.5 to 10.5 g (0.34 to 0.37 oz) and females are assumed to be lighter. Both sexes have a black decurved bill and a white spot behind the eye. Males have glittering green upperparts, an iridescent blue to dark violet throat, and glittering green underparts. Their inner two pairs of tail feathers are dark bronzy green; the inner third of the length of the outer three pairs is black and the outer two thirds white. Females are similar but the blue of their throat is smaller and duller and their underparts are pale gray with green spots on the flanks.<p>The shafts of the outer flight feathers are thickened and flattened which gives the distinctive feature of the sabrewings their English and genus names. In this case, both parts of the scientific name refer to this feature, Campylopterus and ensipennis being derived from the Greek and Latin respectively for "bent wing".
分类信息
The white-tailed sabrewing is monotypic.
- 学名
- Campylopterus ensipennis
- 命名信息
- (Swainson, 1822)
- 目
- Apodiformes
- 科
- Trochilidae
- 属
- Campylopterus
分布与栖息地
The white-tailed sabrewing is found in two locations in Venezuela, the Cordillera de Caripe and the Paria Peninsula, and also on Tobago. The Tobago population was almost extirpated by Hurricane Flora in 1963 but it appears to have somewhat recovered. The species inhabits montane forest, mature secondary forest, and plantations, especially those of coffee. In elevation it ranges between 400 and 2,000 m (1,300 and 6,600 ft) but on the mainland is most common between 1,000 and 1,600 m (3,300 and 5,200 ft) and all nest records on Tobago are between 300 and 520 m (980 and 1,700 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The white-tailed sabrewing has no documented movement pattern, but appears to make seasonal elevational changes at least on Tobago.<p>The white-tailed sabrewing forages for nectar mostly between the low and middle strata of the forest but in more open landscapes also in treetops. Its diet includes a wide variety of flowering plants. It both trap-lines and defends feeding territories. In addition to nectar, it captures small insects (such as ants and wasps) and spiders by hawking from perches.<p>The white-tailed sabrewing's breeding season on Tobago spans from late January to April; it is unknown in Venezuela. Males display to females at leks. The nest is a large (for hummingbirds) cup made mostly of moss with some other plant material. It is placed as a saddle on a horizontal branch or is attached to the end of a hanging twig. It is sited up to 11 m (36 ft) above the ground and often near running water. The incubation length and time to fledging are not known.<p>The male white-tailed sabrewing sings "a persistently given, comparatively loud and slightly bisyllabic 'tzchink'", typically from a perch within the forest and 2 to 6 m (7 to 20 ft) above the ground.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Venezuelan Flowerpiercer
Diglossa venezuelensis
Small tanager-like bird with sharply hooked, slightly upturned bill, male all black and female yellow-olive. Both sexes show a white flash under the wing, better visible in flight. Usually alone or in pairs, hyperactively piercing flowers in shrubby areas, forest edges, and canopy in second growth forests. Voice a series of fast and repetitive soft chattering notes. No similar flowerpiercers within its very limited range. Endemic to the Turimiquire and Paria regions of northeastern Venezuela.
White-crowned Lapwing
Vanellus albiceps
This striking lapwing is best identified by its long yellow wattles, white belly, and gray head split down the center by a broad white crown stripe. In flight, the distinctive wings are almost entirely white with black tips. It prefers breeding and foraging on large permanent rivers with extensive sand banks but will also wander to smaller streams and pans. It utters a loud “kriiip” call when alarmed or defending its territory. The similar Wattled Lapwing differs from White-headed Lapwing by having a dark belly and red-based wattles.
Rufous Treepie
Dendrocitta vagabunda
A long- and stiff-tailed bird with primarily rusty-brown upperparts and dull orangish underparts. The head, mantle, and neck region are a dull, sooty black. The long graduated tail is pale gray with a wide black terminal band. Note the conspicuous silvery-gray, white, and black patterns on the wings. The blackish-gray bill is stout with a hooked tip. Found in a wide range of habitats from woodlands to scrubby patches, singly or in pairs feeding in the treetops. The call is a loud metallic “krowwiiii kroo.”
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