Crested Treeswift
Hemiprocne coronata
A medium-sized swift-like bird with long tail-streamers. Adult has a dark greenish-blue crest visible while it perches, mostly on trees. It has uniform pale gray upperparts, black lores with a fine white border above, and much rufous on the face of the male. Underwing feathers, breast, and flanks are pale gray, and belly is whitish. Female has a dark mask, replacing the male’s rufous coloration. The species is partial to lightly wooded country, avoiding open plains and wet forests. Mostly seen on the wing, and at times perched, making a characteristic “gek-kuk” call.
识别特征
The crested treeswift is a large slender bird at 23 cm (9 in) length. This species is dove grey above and white below. The long swept-back wings are a darker grey above. This treeswift has a crest and a long, deeply forked tail. The adult male has orange cheeks and ear coverts with a narrow streak of white under the eye and a trace of a white supercilium. The female has a thin white stripe below the eye running along the cheek. Young birds have a dark grey head and wings but the feathers are edged in white and the rest of the soft plumage is much streakier than that of the adults. They are found in small groups that fly in wide circles in open forest, occasionally perching atop a tall and leafless tree. When perched they appear to sit very upright.<p>The call of this species is a harsh kee-kyew or three note kip-kee-kep with emphasis on the middle note.
分类信息
The species was first given a binomial name with a description by Samuel Tickell in 1833. He collected specimens during his travels in the Borabhum and Dholbhum area while serving as a lieutenant in the 31st regiment of native infantry. He called it Hirundo coronatus and gave it the trivial name of Dhudka Swallow. He noted that it was not found throughout the year. The genus Hemiprocne was erected by Christian Ludwig Nitzsch in 1829 but the species has variously been incorrectly treated in the past in Dendrochelidon and Macropteryx. Jerdon, a quinarian, considered the species to be a link between the swifts and swallows on the basis of their silky plumage, uncharacteristic of the swifts. James L. Peters considered coronata as a subspecies of longipennis but it was reinstated as a full species based on plumage and structural differences (Prigogine's delta or distance between the fourth and fifth tail feather) and distributions of this and longipennis in the restricted sense. Dillon Ripley described a new subspecies dryas from a specimen obtained by Salim Ali from Rajpipla in southern Gujarat. He considered it to be paler grey on the upperparts than the known forms. This is however no longer considered a valid subspecies and represents variation within the widely distributed species. <p>The genus is the sole member of the tribe Hemiprocnini which is, based on one morphological cladistics, considered to be more derived than the Cypseloidini (while some others have suggested that Hemiprocne is basal) and basal to the Collocaliini and more derived tribes Chaeturini and Apodini. The posterior portion of the sternum has two openings or foramina and the fifth secondary is absent (also known as diastataxic, a character shared with Cypseloides) whereas other swifts have the fifth secondary (and are said to be eutaxic). Like all swifts this species uses saliva to build its nest but it does not have all the toes facing forward as in the Apodini.
- 学名
- Hemiprocne coronata
- 命名信息
- (Tickell, 1833)
- 目
- Apodiformes
- 科
- Hemiprocnidae
- 属
- Hemiprocne
分布与栖息地
The crested treeswift is a common resident breeder from the Indian subcontinent. It is found in India, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos and China.These are birds of open woodland and deciduous forests. They are also found in open areas near trees and in parks and gardens. Most birds live in the lowlands below 1000 m.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
Migration pattern: Resident species.
保护状况
Population trend: declining.
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Rufous Cisticola
Cisticola rufus
A small, brownish upland cisticola. Remarkably plain: brown on the upperparts and buff below. The unmarked face often has a gentle expression. Found locally in both thorn savanna and broadleaf woodland. Very similar in appearance to Siffling Cisticola, but generally has warmer coloration and lacks streaking on the back. Also similar to Foxy Cisticola, but less rufous, and there is minimal overlap in range. Similar to Dorst’s Cisticola, but smaller, and the cap and back are roughly the same color. Rufous Cisticola’s unimpressive song consists of 2-3 high-pitched, squeaky notes in a descending pattern, very similar to the song of Siffling Cisticola.
Bull-headed Shrike
Lanius bucephalus
A small, brightly colored shrike of forest edges and lightly forested fields and gardens. Adult male has pale-bordered black mask, mostly gray back and wings, blackish tail, and warm orange crown, nape, and wash on sides (worn birds less brightly colored). Female has brown back, less obvious mask, rusty crown and nape, and light barring below. Juvenile similar to adult female but lacks pale border around mask. Compared to juvenile Brown Shrike, Bull-headed has warmer orange tones, larger bill, and weaker mask. Song a harsh, raspy collection of notes (including imitations); call is a staccato chatter.
Violet-crowned Hummingbird
Ramosomyia violiceps
This attractive hummingbird has pure white underparts. Also note bright red bill with black tip, purple crown, and dull brown back. Prefers riparian habitats, such as woodlands along rivers. Common in Mexico; only known from a few locations in U.S., but unmistakable in U.S. range. Visits hummingbird feeders.
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