Hill Pigeon
Columba rupestris
Very similar in appearance to the wild-type Rock Pigeon, this flocking species inhabits open valleys and gorges also visits towns and cities. More pale-headed than Rock Pigeon, but the key distinguishing trait is a broad white stripe across its dark tail which is visible both in flight and when perched; the wild-type Rock Pigeon has a dark-tipped gray tail with no white. Forages on the ground in large flocks; can be quite tame and accommodating towards human presence.
识别特征
The hill pigeon is a stout-bodied pigeon, similar in size and general appearance to the rock dove but mainly differentiated by its tail pattern which consists of a broad, white tail-band across the black tail. Other differences include a paler mantle and upper wings and a white patch on the back. In flight, the tail pattern is similar to the snow pigeon, but lacks the contrast between the head and neck in that species.
分类信息
Two subspecies are recognized:
- 学名
- Columba rupestris
- 命名信息
- Pallas, 1811
- 目
- Columbiformes
- 科
- Columbidae
- 属
- Columba
分布与栖息地
It is found in China, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Kazakhstan, North Korea, South Korea, Mongolia, Russia, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, and Turkmenistan. This pigeon is comparatively restricted in range of Pakistan to the furthest northern inner valleys of the Karakoram, Hindu Kush, and Pamirs. In Pakistan, it occurs in northern Chitral, particularly in the western part bordering Nuristan in Afghanistan, further east in valleys of Gilgit in Yasin and Hunza and Karakoram ranges in Baltistan from about 2000 m in winter up to 5500 m during summer. Though the overall population is decreasing, the rate of decrease is not alarming and the bird is widely distributed and abundant; it is classified as least concern by the IUCN.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
This species frequents open rugged country from 1,500 to 6,100 m above sea level. They are closely related to rock doves, but more commonly are found at higher altitudes. A gregarious species throughout the year, they feed in flocks in the terraced, cultivated fields. They often mix with flocks of rock doves. They are very tame and are often found near human settlements, camps, and pilgrimage routes.<p>In Tajikistan, it has been recorded as starting to nest as early as February, with many young just fledging as late as September in northeastern Tibet. The males have a bowing display similar to that of the rock dove and display and courtship is similar. They nest in dense colonies on cliffs, gorges, and rocky outcrops. In Tibet, the nests are often placed in houses, both inhabited and empty, or in holes in the wall. Nests consist of a platform of twigs or plant stems in which generally two eggs are laid. They may raise two brood in a year.<p>Their feeding habits are similar to rock doves, being mainly granivorous, supplementing their diet with green shoot and leaves and occasionally small mollusks such as snails. On some occasions, they become very opportunistic, feeding on leftover food, partially digested food from kiang dung, and even undigested food from stomach of kiang carcasses which are ripped open by other predators.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Two-banded Warbler
Myiothlypis bivittata
Small, yellowish bird with a fine black bill and distinctive black stripes on head. Mostly green above and yellow below; has rufous or orange crown bordered by black, but crown color can be difficult to ascertain. Note olive eyebrow becoming yellow in front of eye, and bright pinkish-yellow legs. Inhabits dense understory of foothill forests along the eastern slope of the southern Andes and in the tepui region. Usually occurs in pairs or small family groups that forage actively for insects, often joining mixed-species flocks. Song in tepuis is a series of chips followed by a high-pitched, screeching note. In southern part of range, song is very different: a rich rollicking series of notes that may vaguely recall House Wren and is often given by pairs as a duet. In southern Andes, most similar to Golden-bellied Warbler but has olive (not entirely yellow) eyebrow; also similar to Golden-crowned Warbler but typically occurs at higher elevations and has olive (not whitish) eyebrow.
Short-tailed Pygmy-Tyrant
Myiornis ecaudatus
Tiny stump-tailed flycatcher; one of the smallest birds on earth. Minute size and compact body give it a unique appearance, in some ways looking more like a bumblebee than a bird. Whitish underparts with green back, gray head, and white spectacles. Found in mature and secondary rainforest, especially in areas with tall trees. Usually perches in the rainforest midstory and can be tricky to spot. Its song is a soft pair of short trilled notes “trrr-trrr,” sounding rather insectlike.
Magellanic Snipe
Gallinago magellanica
Cryptic shorebird found predominately in lowland wet grasslands and flooded fields. Note the long straight bill, white belly with variegated cryptic plumage, and prominent contrasting pale lines on the face and back. In flight, shows a white terminal tail band. Sings a repetitive “kek kek kek kek” when on the ground. Also listen for harsh and vibrating “drumming” notes given in stuttered couplets, produced with its tail feathers during flight displays. Occurs from central Chile to southern Argentina, extensively across the Patagonia region, including the Falkland Islands. Formerly known as South American Snipe.
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