Bicolored Wren
Campylorhynchus griseus
Large wren found in lowlands of northern South America. Striking plumage: rufous-brown above and clean white below with black crown and bold white eyebrow. Long tail has white tips. Unlike any other wren in range. Occurs in pairs and small family groups in open woodlands and scrubby habitats, often hopping around conspicuously in yards and gardens.
识别特征
The bicolored wren is the largest South American wren and second in size only to the giant wren overall in the family. It is 21 to 22 cm (8.3 to 8.7 in) long and weighs 37 to 46.5 g (1.31 to 1.64 oz). The sexes are similar. The nominate adults have dark chocolate crowns and napes and their upperparts a paler chocolate. An off-white supercilium separates a dark brown stripe through the eye from the crown and the rest of the face is also white. Their tail is dark brown; all of the tail feathers except the middle pair have a white band near the end. The throat and the entire underparts are white. C. g. albicilius is rustier than the nominate; so is bicolor but its rump is lighter. C. g. minor is smaller and its nape and upper back are blackish brown. C. g. pallidus is paler and more gray than the nominate and has a darker crown. The juveniles are grayer than the adults; their caps are mottled gray-brown and their underparts are grayish white.
分类信息
The bicolored wren has six subspecies:<p>It has sometimes been treated as conspecific with the giant wren (Campylorhynchus chiapensis) and might form a superspecies with it. Subspecies C. g. zimmeri has been considered to be an intergrade between albicius and the nominate griseus.
- 学名
- Campylorhynchus griseus
- 命名信息
- (Swainson, 1838)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Troglodytidae
- 属
- Campylorhynchus
分布与栖息地
The subspecies of bicolored wren are distributed thus:<p>The bicolored wren inhabits areas with scattered trees and bushes and is completely absent from forests and wide open areas. C. g. bicolor occurs in arid thorn scrub and the other subspecies in significantly more humid areas. In elevation it ranges up to 2,100 m (6,900 ft) in Colombia and 1,600 m (5,200 ft) in Venezuela.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The bicolored wren forages in trees and on the ground. Its diet is primarily invertebrates, but it also eats vegetable matter such as berries.<p>The bicolored wren has two breeding seasons in Venezuela, January to March and May to August; its season in Colombia has not been determined. It is a cooperative breeder with blood relatives helping the nesting pair defend the nest and feed the young. The nest is a dome made of grass and other fibers and with a side entrance. It is placed high in a tree and is well concealed. The wren sometimes also uses old domed nests of other species. The clutch size is three to five.<p>The male bicolored wren's song is "a series of multiple loud gurgling notes" [1]. The female's is similar but includes a trill. The songs vary widely across the species' range. Its calls are "mostly harsh and grating" [2].
保护状况
Population trend: stable.
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
European Honey-buzzard
Pernis apivorus
Lanky raptor with a slender head and long wings with prominent “fingers.” Plumage is highly variable, but note tail pattern: pale overall with a dark tip, and two wide-spaced narrow dark bars on the basal half. Compare with the much stockier Common Buzzard, which has a shorter neck, more rounded wings, and steadier wingbeats. Adult has yellow eyes (brown on Common Buzzard). Favors forested areas with clearings and small wetlands, but migrants may occur in any habitat.
Atiu Swiftlet
Aerodramus sawtelli
A small, mostly brownish swiftlet. Most obvious feature is a pale gray throat contrasting with a darker brownish belly. Commonly found over a variety of natural and non-natural habitats. Similar to Polynesian Swiftlet, but proportionately shorter-tailed with much more contrasting plumage, including paler underparts and a darker rump. Voice commonly consists of weak chirping and twittering.
Semipalmated Sandpiper
Calidris pusilla
Small, grayish-brown sandpiper. Typically shows relatively short, blunt-tipped bill, but this varies across the breeding range: western populations are shortest-billed, eastern populations are longest, and females have longer bills than males! Also note blackish legs, although they can appear dull gray or greenish. In breeding plumage, fairly pale grayish brown, sometimes with brighter rusty cap and cheek. Nonbreeding is plain gray above and white below. Juveniles have attractive scaly pattern on upperparts, and variable coloration: usually grayish with some buffy areas, occasionally brighter rufous. Most similar to Western and Least Sandpipers. Western averages slightly larger and longer-billed, with brighter rufous on breeding adults and juveniles; nonbreeding birds paler but extremely similar to Semipalmated. Least Sandpiper is darker and browner. Breeds on high Arctic tundra. Migrates to South America for the winter; very rarely lingers in the U.S. past November, unlike Western Sandpiper. Usually found in flocks, sometimes in very large numbers. Prefers open mudflats, but also found in marshes and beaches.
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