Sierra de Lema Flycatcher

Fairly common in humid tropical lowlands. Favors forest edge, plantations, adjacent semi-open areas with trees and hedges. Usually in noisy small groups moving at mid-upper levels. Black head and bib surrounds white throat patch (throat patch buffy in Los Tuxtlas region of southern Veracruz), upperparts bright golden green. Larger and noisier than the rather similar Buff-throated Saltator, which has a less contrasting black head.

Dingy-looking antpitta restricted to cloud forest in Colombia’s central Andes. Plumage is mostly brown with whitish throat and belly. Brown breast band is often very indistinct. Similar to Tawny Antpitta, but has a pale belly and inhabits forest. Like many other antpittas, it spends most of the time on the forest floor where it is normally very difficult to see in the gloom. It usually visits a feeder in the Rio Blanco Ecological Reserve near Manizales, where it is much easier to observe. Song is a three-note series, and each note is higher than the last.

A mid-sized kingfisher with a variable plumage pattern; nearly 50 subspecies described worldwide. All of them have a greenish-blue crown, a white spot above the lores, a black mask extending down as a narrow band across the hindneck, and a white collar. Upperparts are greenish-blue, rump brighter blue, with blue wings and tail and white underparts. Female and juvenile slightly duller. Subspecies mainly differ in plumage, with upperparts varying from blue to green to olive-toned, white loral spot sometimes extending as a supercilium, and underparts sometimes buffier. Gives various vocalizations, but most common call is a “kek-kek-kek-kek.” Frequents mangroves and tidal creeks, though sometimes inhabits other habitats, including coconut plantations in islands.