Rufous-gaped Hillstar
Urochroa bougueri
Large hummingbird with limited range on west slope of Andes from central Colombia to northwest Ecuador. Distinctive in range. Overall bronzy-greenish with blue throat. Very long, straight bill with rufous patch on face. Look for bold white flashes in tail, especially visible in flight. Overall dark coloration and white in tail could be confused with Velvet-purple Coronet, but note larger size, longer bill, and blue restricted to throat. Uncommon; occasionally visits feeders but equally likely to be found within forest, especially around streams and waterfalls. Occurs from around 1,100 to 2,000 m.
识别特征
The rufous-gaped hillstar is 13 to 14 cm (5.1 to 5.5 in) long including its approximately 3 cm (1.2 in) bill. It weighs 8.5 to 12.5 g (0.30 to 0.44 oz). The sexes are alike. They have a long, straight, black bill and coppery green upperparts. The English name comes from the rufous-cinnamon malar streak on the face. The throat and breast are iridescent blue and the belly dull gray. The central and outermost tail feathers are black and the rest white with dusky gray edges. Juveniles are similar to adults with the addition of buffy fringes on the head feathers.<p>What is thought to be the rufous-gaped hillstar's song is "a continuous series of single 'swit' or 'tsit' notes". It also makes "a liquid 'twit', repeated in long sequences when alarmed."
分类信息
The rufous-gaped hillstar was formally described in 1851 by the French ornithologist Jules Bourcier based on a specimen that he had collected in Ecuador. He placed it in the genus Trochilus and coined the binomial name Trochilus bougueri. The species is now placed in the genus Urochroa that was introduced in 1856 by the English ornithologist John Gould. The genus name combines the Ancient Greek oura meaning "tail" with khroa meaning "colour" or "complexion". The specific epithet bougueri was chosen to honour the French mathematician Pierre Bouguer who had visited Peru in 1736–1742.<p>The rufous-gaped hillstar and what is now the green-backed hillstar (Urochroa leucura) were once treated as a single species, the "white-tailed hillstar". They are the only two members of their genus. Although they share the name "hillstar" with the members of genus Oreotrochilus, they are quite different and not closely related. The rufous-gaped hillstar is monotypic.
- 学名
- Urochroa bougueri
- 命名信息
- (Bourcier, 1851)
- 目
- Apodiformes
- 科
- Trochilidae
- 属
- Urochroa
分布与栖息地
The rufous-gaped hillstar is found on the Pacific slope of the Andes from Colombia's Chocó Department south into Ecuador as far as Pichincha Province. It inhabits the interior and edges of mature montane forest and secondary forest, and also shrubby slopes, and is often found near streams. In elevation it generally ranges between 1,600 and 2,800 m (5,200 and 9,200 ft). It is most numerous at about 1,800 m (5,900 ft) and is occasionally found well below its usual minimum elevation. Though the rufous-gaped hillstar is generally sedentary, it makes some seasonal elevational movements, at least in Colombia.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
Migration pattern: Resident species.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- unknown
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Regent Bowerbird
Sericulus chrysocephalus
Small forest bowerbird. Males and females differ greatly. Males are black with stunning bright gold on the head and wings. Females are light brown with scalloping on the breast and back; they are much smaller and more lightly build than big, plump Satin Bowerbirds. Males have a bright yellow bill, while female’s is black-gray. Usually found in rainforest. The male builds a small open bower out of twigs and decorates it with small objects in order to attract a mate. This species is not very vocal and is usually only heard calling near a bower.
Common Hill Myna
Gracula religiosa
Glossy black myna with bright yellow head wattles. Also note bright candlewax-orange bill and white wing patches that are most apparent in flight. A species of mature humid forest and forest edge, often seen in pairs or small flocks flying between or perched up in tall trees. Famed for its wide repertoire: gives a myriad of screams, squeaks, chirps, and whistles. Threatened by its popularity in the cage bird trade.
Finch-billed Myna
Scissirostrum dubium
A distinctive ashy-gray starling with a conspicuous, bulbous pale bill and fine red flecks on the rump. Juvenile browner, with orange coloring to rump and paler bill. Highly gregarious and vocal, often observed in flocks of dozens, frequenting the canopy. A species of lowlands and hills, preferring open woodlands and forest edge, particularly favoring tall dead trees, where they nest communally in cavities. Restricted to Sulawesi and nearby islands. Vociferous, regularly uttering “chirup” calls, typically as a large, noisy group.
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