Purple-backed Thornbill
Ramphomicron microrhynchum
Small hummingbird with an extremely short, straight bill. Males are unmistakable: brilliant purple above and green below. Females are green above and whitish below with dense green spotting, especially on the flanks. Both sexes have a fairly long, notched tail. Occurs in the Andes from western Venezuela to Peru. Usually seen singly in the canopy or borders of humid elfin forest near treeline, though can gather in larger numbers at flowering trees. Also ventures into páramo; occasionally descends to lower elevations in the dry season. Seasonal movements are not understood.
识别特征
The purple-backed thornbill is 8 to 9 cm (3.1 to 3.5 in) long and weighs about 3.5 g (0.12 oz). Both sexes have a black bill, the shortest of any hummingbird. Males of the nominate subspecies have metallic violet-purple upperparts with a white spot behind the eye. Their gorget is iridescent golden green, the underparts bronzy green, and the undertail coverts coppery with tawny fringes. The tail is moderately long, forked, and dark purple. Nominate females have shining green upperparts, and like the male, a white spot behind the eye. Their underparts are white with green dots except on the belly. The tail is shorter than the male's and less forked, bronzy purple, and the outer pair of feathers have white tips. <p>Males of subspecies R. m. andicola have a green-bordered golden gorget and more rufous undertail coverts. R. m. albiventre is very similar to the nominate, but with lighter margins on the male's undertail coverts and smaller spots on the female's underparts. Males of R. m. bolivianum have metallic violet upperparts, dark green underparts, and grayish white undertail coverts.
分类信息
The purple-backed thornbill shares its genus with the black-backed thornbill (R. dorsale). It has these four subspecies:<p>Subspecies R. m. andicola and R. m. albiventre "are doubtfully distinct from [the] nominate."
- 学名
- Ramphomicron microrhynchum
- 命名信息
- (Boissonneau, 1840)
- 目
- Apodiformes
- 科
- Trochilidae
- 属
- Ramphomicron
分布与栖息地
The subspecies of purple-backed thornbill are found thus:<p>The purple-backed thornbill inhabits the edges of humid montane forest, Polylepis forest, páramo, and the transitions between them. R. m. bolivianum also occurs well below the treeline in shrubby areas. In elevation the species ranges from 1,700 to 3,600 m (5,600 to 11,800 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The purple-backed thornbill moves from lower to higher elevations in the wet season.<p>The purple-backed thornbill forages for nectar from mid-level to the canopy, primarily by trap-lining. It has often been observed "robbing" nectar from holes in flowers made by Diglossa flowerpiercers. It has been recorded taking nectar from a wide variety of flowering plants, shrubs, and trees. In addition it feeds on insects caught on the wing and gleaned from flowers.<p>The purple-backed thornbill's breeding season has not been fully defined but appears to span from May possibly to December. It builds a cup nest of fine plant fiber with moss and lichens on the outside on a horizontal branch. The clutch size is two eggs and the incubation period 16 days.<p>The purple-backed thornbill's song is "a continuous series of quiet scratchy notes interspersed by short buzzes or dry trills." Its calls include "a short dry rattle 'trrr'..., a scratchy 'krr-kit', and a long twittering rattle."
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Tufted Antshrike
Mackenziaena severa
Medium-sized antshrike, with a long tail and a crest. Found in the understory and middle levels of humid forests with dense vine tangles or bamboo and in second growth areas. Usually found in pairs, but can be very hard to see. Males are all dark-gray whereas females have a cinnamon crest and bars on the rest of the body. The song is a loud and clear series of whistles “phiu phiu phiu phiu phiu.”
Baliem Whistler
Pachycephala balim
A medium-sized bird of montane forest and secondary habitat in the Baliem Valley. Typical male “golden” whistler, with yellow belly, black head and breast band, and a white throat. Female has a brown head and breast band with a scaled throat. Co-occurs with the similar Sclater’s Whistler, but Baliem male has a broad yellow band around the back of the neck, and female has a scaled rather than plain white throat. A jumbled, whistled song containing some notes with an explosive quality.
Black-necked Swan
Cygnus melancoryphus
Basically unmistakable and is just what the name says: a swan with a black neck. Fairly common but sometimes local on lakes, slow-moving rivers, wetlands with open water, estuaries, and inshore coastal waters. Often in groups, locally hundreds in winter, and associates readily with Coscoroba Swan. Cygnets are pure white and soon develop a dusky neck; within a month or two after hatching they look like adults.
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