Spot-breasted Antvireo
Dysithamnus stictothorax
Big-headed chunky antbird with a heavy and slightly hooked bill and shortish tail. Found in the lower and middle levels of forests and forest edges. Males have a gray head and and a white spotted face and are olive-brown above and yellowish below.They have dark spots on the throat, and white spots on the wings coverts. Females have a rufous crown and less distinct spots on the wings coverts. The song is a melodious series of ascending and descending notes.
识别特征
The spot-breasted antvireo is about 12 cm (4.7 in) long. Adult males have a dark gray forehead and crown, blackish ear coverts, and white spots on the sides of their head. Their upperparts are grayish olive with a hidden white patch between the scapulars. Their wings are blackish with wide chestnut-rufous edges on the flight feathers and white tips on the coverts. Their tail is rufous-olive with narrow white tips on the feathers. Their throat and upper breast are white and the rest of their underparts mostly yellowish. Their breast has large dark spots and the sides of their underparts have a grayish cast. Adult females have a chestnut crown. Their upperparts and wings are more olive and less gray than the male's and they lack the white interscapular patch. Their underparts have fewer spots than do males'.
分类信息
The spot-breasted antvireo was described by the Dutch zoologist Coenraad Jacob Temminck in 1823 and given the binomial name Myothera strictothorax (an error for stictothorax)). The specific epithet is from the Ancient Greek stiktos "spotted" and thōrax or thōrakos "breastplate". It is now placed in the genus Dysithamnus which was introduced by the German ornithologist Jean Cabanis in 1847.<p>The spot-breasted antvireo is monotypic.
- 学名
- Dysithamnus stictothorax
- 命名信息
- (Temminck, 1823)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Thamnophilidae
- 属
- Dysithamnus
分布与栖息地
The spot-breasted antvireo is found in coastal southeastern Brazil from southeastern Bahia south to Santa Catarina and somewhat inland in Minas Gerais. Though some sources include northeastern Argentina's Misiones Province in its range, the South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society has no records from there.<p>The spot-breasted antvireo inhabits the understorey to mid-storey of evergreen forest in the lowland and lower montane regions. It favors the forest's edges, such as along roads and around natural clearings. In elevation it ranges from sea level to 1,250 m (4,100 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The spot-breasted antvireo is thought to be a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The spot-breasted antvireo feeds mostly on insects; its diet also includes other arthropods and occasionally Rapanea mistletoe berries. It usually forages singly or in pairs, and often joins mixed-species feeding flocks. It typically feeds from near the ground to about 10 m (33 ft) above it. It feeds actively and acrobatically, generally by gleaning while perched from live foliage, vines, stems, thin branches, and clusters of dead leaves. It often stretches or hangs from the perch to catch prey and about as often makes short sallies to hover-glean. It sometimes makes short jumps to catch prey.<p>One active spot-breasted antvireo nest has been photographed. It was found in November and contained a nestling. It was a small cup hanging from a fork in a branch about 15 m (50 ft) above the ground.<p>The spot-breasted antvireo's song is a "rather hurried series of some 20 mellow, slightly staccato, rising and falling notes, the last 3-5 accelerated". Its calls include a "short, upslurred 'chirr', [a] nasal 'qwark', and a series of three notes with first two on same pitch".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Streak-breasted Treehunter
Thripadectes rufobrunneus
This warm brown forest dweller is similar to many other foliage-gleaners and treehunters. Look for the relatively bright orangey throat with streaking on the breast. The bill is all dark. Also note the plain head without an eyebrow. Found in montane forests from 900 to 2500m, where it moves at low to middle heights. Seen singly or in pairs, often with a mixed-species flock. Song is a harsh series of paired notes.
Mountain Elaenia
Elaenia frantzii
Unobtrusive and easily overlooked flycatcher of highlands in Central America; recently found in northern Chiapas. Occurs mainly at forest edge and in overgrown scrubby areas with trees and fruiting bushes. Perches quietly and fairly upright, sallying out to pluck berries. Note the overall drab plumage, rounded head (lacks distinct crest of larger and bulkier Yellow-bellied Elaenia), whitish eyering, and big whitish edges to the tertials.
White-throated Shrike-Tanager
Lanio leucothorax
Large, long-tailed tanager with heavy hooked bill. Striking plumage is reminiscent of an oriole: yellow body with black head, black wings, white throat, and white shoulder patch. Female brown with paler throat and yellow belly. Note especially bill shape and habitat. Found in forests, usually at moderate heights, often in pairs leading a mixed-species flock.
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