Fulvous Wren
Cinnycerthia fulva
Reddish-brown wren with a faint pale eyebrow found in the understory of humid montane forest. Larger and longer-tailed than the tiny Mountain Wren, which also has a bolder eyebrow. Replaced at the northern end of its range by the very similar Peruvian Wren. Forages singly or in pairs low in bushes and near the ground. Listen for its loud song, a flowing series of whistles and trills.
识别特征
The fulvous wren is 14.5 cm (5.7 in) long; male weights average 18.4 g (0.65 oz) and female weights 14.8 g (0.52 oz). The nominate adults have a reddish brown crown and back that is redder on the rump. They have a buff supercilium, a dull brown eye stripe, and buffy cinnamon cheeks. The tail is also reddish brown, and has narrow blackish bars crossing it. The throat is buffy white, the chest buffy cinnamon darkening to reddish brown on the flanks and belly. C. f. fitzpatricki has a darker crown and a lighter supercilium than the nominate. C. f. gravesi has a whitish supercilium and its underparts are paler than those of the nominate. The immature is similar to the nominate adult but its crown is grayish.
分类信息
The fulvous wren was formerly considered a subspecies of Cinnycerthia peruana, which at that time was called sepia-brown wren and is now called Peruvian wren. Fulvous wren, Peruvian wren, and what is now called sepia-brown wren (C. olivascens) form a superspecies.<p>The fulvous wren has three subspecies, the nominate Cinnycerthia fulva fulva, C. f. fitzpatricki, and C. f. gravesi.
- 学名
- Cinnycerthia fulva
- 命名信息
- (Sclater, PL, 1874)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Troglodytidae
- 属
- Cinnycerthia
分布与栖息地
The nominate fulvous wren is found in the eastern Andes of Peru, primarily in the Department of Cuzco. C. f. fitzpatricki is found in the Vilcabamba mountain range, which is also in Cuzco. C. f. gravesi is found from southern Peru's Department of Puno south to central Bolivia's Cochabamba Department. The species inhabits wet montane forest between 1,500 and 3,300 m (4,900 and 10,800 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The fulvous wren forages on the ground and in low vegetation, often in small flocks. Its diet has not been described.<p>Virtually nothing is known about the fulvous wren's breeding phenology except that birds in breeding condition were documented in January in Bolivia.<p>The fulvous wren's song and calls have not been formally described. An example of each from Xeno-canto are [1] and [2].
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Cobalt-rumped Parrotlet
Forpus xanthopterygius
Tiny parrot with green body, short pointed tail, and pale bill. Males have cobalt-blue wings and rump; females are all green. Highly gregarious. Found in light woodlands, forest edges, second growth, open habitats, and urban parks, but typically avoids dense forests. Widespread from Bolivia across much of eastern Brazil, as far south as northeastern Argentina.
Heermann's Gull
Larus heermanni
Unique smoky-gray gull with red bill. Breeding adults have a clean white head that blends seamlessly into the gray neck; nonbreeding adults have smudgy dark streaking on the head. Immatures are entirely dark brown with a yellowish or reddish bill with a dark tip. Almost exclusively coastal; usually seen in flocks loafing on beaches or feeding in nearshore waters. Breeds in Mexico mainly in the Gulf of California; migrates as far north as Washington and British Columbia in winter. Overall dark plumage of immatures might recall a dark-morph jaeger; note Heermann's lacks pale wing flashes and never shows pale mottling on the belly or underwings.
Hodgson's Redstart
Phoenicurus hodgsoni
Male very similar in appearance to Daurian Redstart; note more restricted silver on the forehead and less distinct wing panel. Female’s lack of a white wing patch distinguishes her from female Daurian, and she averages paler than female Black Redstart, with a brighter eye-ring. Blue-fronted Redstart female can be similar; Hodgson’s female is colder-toned with a single dark stripe down the tail instead of Blue-fronted’s inverted “T.” Hodgson’s breeds in hilly and montane open forests and forest edge; descends in the winter, favoring scrubby edge.
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