Hypocolius
Hypocolius ampelinus
A slender, pale gray bird with a short bill and a long black-tipped tail. The male has a black face. This distinctive species occurs in arid scrub, desert, and nearby farmlands. Usually found in small flocks, often seen feeding on fruiting trees and bushes. Calls include short, squeaky wails and whistles.
识别特征
The grey hypocolius is a slim bird with a long tail, slight crest and thick, short hook-tipped bill. Its shape and soft, satiny plumage resembles that of the waxwing. Birds are mainly a uniform grey or brownish-grey colour, with males having a black triangular mask around the eyes. They have white-tipped black primary wing feathers and a black terminal band on the tail. Adults are about 19–21 cm (7.5–8.3 in) in length.<p>The head feathers are raised when the bird is excited. They fly in a straight non-undulating style and when hopping in shrubbery, can appear like a babbler. The tarsus is short and sturdy with coarse scales. There are rictal bristles visible at the base of the bill and the nostrils are exposed, small and oval.
分类信息
The relationships of the species were formerly unclear. Earlier authors had suggested that they were related to the bulbuls or shrikes. They appear to be related to the waxwings, and at least one study based on molecular sequences suggests that it belongs to the same group. A 2019 study found them to be in a clade containing the palmchat (Dulidae), waxwings (Bombycillidae), silky-flycatchers (Ptiliogonatidae), hylocitrea (Hylocitreidae), and the extinct Hawaiian honeyeaters (Mohoidae), with Hypocoliidae being a sister group to the Mohoidae (with both diverging about 15-20 mya during the early-mid Miocene), and the clade containing Mohoidae and Hypocoliidae being sister to Hylocitreidae, which diverged slightly earlier in the Miocene.
- 学名
- Hypocolius ampelinus
- 命名信息
- Bonaparte, 1850
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Hypocoliidae
- 属
- Hypocolius
分布与栖息地
The grey hypocolius ranges through the Middle East, breeding in the Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Turkmenistan area, and wintering mostly near the Red Sea and Persian Gulf coasts of Arabia, including Bahrain. It is a vagrant to Turkey, Israel, Egypt and Oman. They are regular winter visitors to the Kutch and Jamnagar region of western India and vagrants have been noted as far south as Kihim near Bombay. It is found in woodland and scrub in arid and semiarid regions, especially river valleys near deserts, as well as in irrigated and cultivated areas with trees, sea costal area, palm groves and gardens.
- 迁徙
- Complete migrants
行为
The grey hypocolius is a shy and unobtrusive, even cryptic, bird which will fly to thick cover when disturbed, where it will remain motionless until the perceived danger has passed. Its flight is strong and direct (without undulations). It will form flocks, especially in winter, and roost communally.<p>The breeding season is June or July in Arabia. The nest is cup shaped and deep lined with hair and fluff. The nest is often placed on the leaves of a date palm at a height of about 3 to 5 feet. Both the male and female take part in nest building. The clutch is four eggs. The eggs are leaden white with blotches. The incubation period is about 14–15 days.<p>Grey hypocoliuses forage quietly and methodically in foliage, through clusters of trees, palm groves and orchards, rarely coming to the ground. Though they may eat some insects, their main diet consists of fruits and berries, including Real mustard fruits, mulberries, figs and dates. In captivity they have been known to readily take bread.<p>The most common vocalization is a series of squealing descending notes or kleeeu whistles. Other calls include scolding chirps.
保护状况
Because the species has a large range, and because it does not meet the population size and decline criteria of the IUCN Red List, the conservation status is evaluated as being of "least concern". Because of its monotypic family status it is much sought after by birdwatchers.
- 种群趋势
- unknown
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Thrush-like Antpitta
Myrmothera campanisona
Common, but shy and rarely seen bird of lowland rainforests, especially those with a moderate amount of disturbance. Identifiable by plump, tailless shape and plain appearance. Hops on the ground searching for insects in leaf litter. Sings from low perches, often in impenetrable vegetation in large, old treefall gaps. Song a low, far-carrying series of cooing notes on one pitch. Similar to Tepui Antpitta but does not overlap in elevation; song slightly different.
Siberian Accentor
Prunella montanella
The most migratory of the accentors, moving from its breeding territories in Russia to its wintering grounds in northern China and the upper Korean peninsula; vagrates outside this range somewhat frequently. Face is brightly marked: black with a yellow brow and throat. The more faded-looking juvenile can resemble Brown Accentor, but juvenile Siberian has a buffy brow, a gray nape, and buffy underparts. Forages in shrubby areas and thickets, usually in open forests and forest edges. Often seen in dense foliage overhanging or bordering narrow waterways. Song is a rich up-and-down series. Call is a high, thin “seeseeseesee.”
Akekee
Loxops caeruleirostris
A small, very rare Hawaiian honeycreeper of remote native forests on Kauai. Declining rapidly; found only above 4,000 feet elevation in the eastern ‘Alaka’i Plateau. Males are yellow with a small black mask and females are greenish. The crossed bill that is uses to pry open leaf buds in search of insects and larvae is difficult to see. The longer tail with a notched tip distinguishes it from other small honeycreepers. Its rarely-heard song is a wavering trill that changes in speed and pitch. Call is a soft upslurred “suweet.”
开始您的观鸟之旅
在户外识别鸟类，并在下一次观察时随手查阅鸟类图鉴。