Unicolored Antwren
Myrmotherula unicolor
Uncommon small, short-tailed antwren of the lower and middle levels of humid forests. Very active and often follows mixed-species flocks. Males are uniform gray with a small dark throat patch, while females are uniformly brown-gray, with less gray in the head than female Salvadori’s Antwrens.
识别特征
The unicolored antwren is 9 to 10 cm (3.5 to 3.9 in) long and weighs 6.5 to 8 g (0.23 to 0.28 oz). It is a smallish bird with a short tail. Adult males are almost entirely gray, with lighter underparts than upperparts. Their throat feathers have black bases and gray tips. Adult females have olive-brown upperparts with a grayish tinge on the crown and nape and yellowish brown uppertail coverts. Their wings are dark grayish brown with reddish yellow-brown edges on the flight feathers. Their tail is reddish yellow-brown. Their throat is whitish and their underparts mostly olive-buff that is grayer on their sides and flanks. Their crissum is brownish yellow.
分类信息
The unicolored antwren and the Alagoas antwren (M. snowi) were previously considered conspecific and now form a superspecies. The unicolored antwren is monotypic. The unicolored antwren, the Yungas antwren (M. grisea), the Alagoas antwren (M. snowi), and the plain-winged antwren (M. behni) appear to form a monophyletic group with similar vocalizations and habitat requirements.
- 学名
- Myrmotherula unicolor
- 命名信息
- (Ménétriés, 1835)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Thamnophilidae
- 属
- Myrmotherula
分布与栖息地
The unicolored antwren is a bird of the Atlantic Forest. It is found along coastal southeastern Brazil from northern Rio de Janeiro state south into northern Rio Grande do Sul. It inhabits the understorey to mid-storey of evergreen forest and mature secondary forest. In a few areas it also occurs in restinga woodlands that grow on white-sand soils. It favors dense viny understory in somewhat stunted forest with a canopy up to about 20 m (70 ft) high. In elevation it ranges from sea level to about 500 m (1,600 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The unicolored antwren is believed to be a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The unicolored antwren's diet is not known in detail but is probably mostly mostly insects and spiders. It forages singly, in pairs, or in family groups, and often as part of a mixed-species feeding flock. It feeds mostly between about 0.5 and 5 m (2 and 20 ft) above the ground, though it will feed as high as 15 m (50 ft). It actively, but methodically, seeks prey especially among vine tangles and also from leaves both live and dead, stems, and branches, mostly by reaching and stabbing. It also captures prey by hanging, hover-gleaning, and with short sallies from a perch.<p>The unicolored antwren's breeding season is not known but active nests have been noted in November. The nest is a cup made from roots, dead leaves, and fungal fibers hung from a branch fork, typically within about 2 m (7 ft) of the ground. The clutch size, incubation period, time to fledging, and details of parental care are not known.<p>The unicolored antwren's song is an "irregular series of very high, sharp, drawn-out, well-separated 'Seeep' notes". Its calls include a "sharp 'wheet' ", "paired nasal notes", and "longer, flat, raspy notes".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Multicolored Tanager
Chlorochrysa nitidissima
Small stunning tanager with unbelievable color pattern: electric cerulean breast and flanks, black belly, green nape and wings, creamy back, golden face and throat, and black and chestnut ear patch. Sexes similar; females and young birds look duller than males. Uncommon in subtropical forests in the western and central Andes of Colombia. Typically found in pairs or small groups, often following mixed-species flocks. Visits fruit feeders.
Black-legged Seriema
Chunga burmeisteri
Tall terrestrial predator of the Chaco region. Plumage distinctively shaggy. Prefers dense, spiny vegetation, often with thick undergrowth, but can occur in nearby open areas. Smaller and shyer than Red-legged Seriema. Despite its large size, can be difficult to see, and is more often detected by its loud, far-carrying song.
Russet-crowned Motmot
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Fairly common but easily overlooked inhabitant of tropical lowlands and foothills in west Mexico. Found in dry forests, woodlands, and semiopen areas with larger trees, including gardens. Perches quietly, at all levels and often twitches its tail side to side. Plumage is beautiful blue-green overall with a bright rusty cap and violet highlights to the black mask. Tail tip has naked shafts forming racket tips.
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