Scrubtit
Acanthornis magna
Small, compact bird with decurved bill found in wet Tasmanian forests. Brown above, pale below, with gray face, olive wash on flanks, and small white wingbar. Narrow eyering imparts a spectacled appearance. Feeds much like a treecreeper, by hitching its way along tree trunks and branches. Compare Tasmanian Scrubwren, which is browner, larger, and has a strong supercilium. A Tasmanian endemic species.
识别特征
The scrubtit is 11 to 12 centimetres (4.33 to 4.72 in) long and weighs around 10 grams (0.35 oz). The plumage consists of a white throat and belly, a brown back, crown, flank and tail, black wings and grey on the face. The eye is pale and the bill is short, black and slightly curved. The species is often silent, but makes quite loud contact calls and has a song described as "sweet [and] musical".
分类信息
The scrubtit belongs to the monotypic genus Acanthornis. A 2017 genetic study using both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA found the ancestor of the scrubtit diverged from that of the three whitefaces of the genus Aphelocephala around 7 million years ago. The combined lineage had diverged from the thornbill lineage around 13 million years ago.
- 学名
- Acanthornis magna
- 命名信息
- (Gould, 1855)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Acanthizidae
- 属
- Acanthornis
分布与栖息地
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The scrubtit forages individually, in pairs or in small family groups near the ground in dense cover. It feeds on small invertebrates, particularly insects and their eggs. The species will associate with mixed-species feeding flocks. The species is territorial and monogamous, with the breeding season lasting from September to January. The nest is a woven globe with a side entrance, lined with feathers and fur, camouflaged and usually found between 1–3 m off the ground. The clutch size is usually three eggs but sometimes four. The eggs measure 18 by 15 millimetres (0.71 by 0.59 in) and are pearly white, with fine reddish spots, mostly around the larger end. No information exists about incubation or nestling times. Both parents feed the chicks in the nest, but unlike many Australian passerines helpers have never been reported. The species is victim to brood parasitism by fan-tailed cuckoos (Cacomantis flabelliformis) and shining bronze-cuckoos (Chrysococcyx lucidus), and quolls (Dasyurus) also take eggs and nestlings.The species is shy and unobtrusive and is seldom observed by people.[citation needed]
保护状况
The species has a restricted range but is not considered threatened by the IUCN. The subspecies found on King Island (A. m. greeniana) is considered critically endangered, however.[citation needed] A 2018 study ranked this subspecies third as the Australian bird most likely to go extinct.
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Christmas Island Swiftlet
Collocalia natalis
Generic-looking “white-bellied swiftlet”, but fortunately the only regular one on Christmas Island; migratory House and Pacific Swifts are larger, with bright white rump patches. Note the pale belly, dusky throat, weakly forked tail, and glossy dark upperparts, all traits typical of the genus Collocalia. Forages in swift, bat-like flight above a range of habitats on Christmas Island, sometimes forming loose flocks.
Wing-barred Piprites
Piprites chloris
Small manakin-like bird that is actually a flycatcher. Looks big-headed with a short bill and large dark eyes. Olive-green above and yellow below, with a gray mask and two conspicuous wingbars. Several subspecies vary in the brightness of their plumage and in having a gray or yellow belly. Found in humid forests, including Araucaria forests and often follows mixed-species flocks. The song is a very slow and soft “whip, pip-pip, piririipip, pipi.”
Red-and-green Macaw
Ara chloropterus
Enormous parrot with a long pointed tail, a red head and body with mostly blue wings and green wing coverts. It has a white face with distinct red stripes. Only possible confusion species is Scarlet Macaw, which has yellow (not green) wing coverts and lacks red stripes on the face. Found in lowland rainforests from eastern Panama to Paraguay. Usually found in pairs, flying over the forest and perching in the canopy. Can gather in small groups, especially at fruiting trees or clay licks. Nests in cavities. Listen for raucous calls, typical of large macaws.
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