White-headed Wren
Campylorhynchus albobrunneus
Medium-sized wren found from eastern Panama through western Colombia. Distinctive in range: all-white head and underparts contrast with dark brown (almost black) back. Occurs in pairs or small groups in humid forest up to around 1,500 m. Forages at all levels, especially around epiphytes.
识别特征
The white-headed wren is 18.5 cm (7.3 in) long and weighs 27.5 to 39 g (0.97 to 1.38 oz). It is unique among wrens, having essentially only two colors in large blocks. The sexes are alike. The nominate adult's entire head, nape, and underside from the throat through the lower belly are pure white. The rest of the body but for the vent area is dull blackish brown; the vent is gray-brown. C. a. harterti differs from the nominate only in having darker upperparts. The juvenile has a streaky gray-brown crown, a buffy face and underparts, and a pale cinnamon belly.
分类信息
The white-headed wren has in the past been treated as conspecific with band-backed wren (Campylorhynchus zonatus) and with thrush-like wren (C. turdinus). Molecular analyses refuted that treatment and confirmed that it is a separator species.<p>The white-headed wren has two recognized subspecies, the nominate C. a. albobrunneus and C. a. harterti.
- 学名
- Campylorhynchus albobrunneus
- 命名信息
- (Lawrence, 1862)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Troglodytidae
- 属
- Campylorhynchus
分布与栖息地
The nominate white-headed wren is found only in Panama, from the Canal Zone east to western Darién Province. C. a. harterti is found from eastern Darién through western Colombia almost to Ecuador. It inhabits both pristine and disturbed humid forest with epiphytes. In elevation it ranges from sea level to 1,500 m (4,900 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
There are few data about the white-headed wren's diet though it is known to include beetles, ants, and other insects. It forages mostly in the middle to upper levels of the forest and frequently investigates epiphytes. It often forages in small groups that are probably extended families.<p>A few white-headed wren nests have been found; they are globular with a side entrance and sited in epiphytes. No other information on its breeding phenology has been published.<p>Both sexes of the white-headed wren sing "a series of harsh scratchy notes" [1]. Its call is "a harsh 'kahk'" [2].
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
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Lagopus muta
Plump chickenlike bird found in rocky tundra and alpine summits. Plumage changes strikingly throughout the year. In winter, both sexes are pure white with black outer tail feathers. As summer progresses, male develops cold grayish-brown feathers on head, neck, and back; generally quite splotchy looking. Summer female is paler golden-brown with intricate black and white markings. Female nearly identical to Willow Ptarmigan; look for slightly smaller bill. Summer male Willow and Rock Ptarmigans can be separated by the colder grayish plumage on Rock Ptarmigan and in winter by the distinctive black eyeline on Rock Ptarmigan. Also note habitat differences. Best distinguished from White-tailed Ptarmigan by black outer tail feathers. Vocalizations include guttural groaning and clucking notes.
Plain-tailed Warbling Finch
Microspingus alticola
Scarce denizen of high-elevation scrub and woodland in the Andes of northwestern Peru. Quite attractive, with a black mask, white eyebrow and mustache, and chestnut sides. Male has more contrasting plumage than female and immature. It does not overlap with the similar Chestnut-breasted Mountain-Finch of southern Peru. Most common vocalization is a series of scratchy chips.
Malawi Batis
Batis dimorpha
A cute, dumpy, colorful flycatcher-like bird that flits around in the mid-canopy and understory of forest, forest edge, plantations, and gardens. Males have a broad black chest band, yellow-orange eye, white stripe through the top of the wing, and white throat. Females have an orange eye, buff-and-white stripe through the top of the wing, and rufous chin patch. The song is a series of 8-9 plaintive steady piping “peooop” notes, and calls include buzzing grating “ddrz-drrzt-drrr, ddt-ddzt-drzt-drr”. Female Dark Batis is distinguished by its darker (rich rufous rather than white and buff) wing stripe. Male Dark Batis is very similar, but has a slightly longer tail and broader black breast stripe. Also similar to Chinspot Batis, but has darker orange color to the eyes, and female Malawi Batis shows paler rufous on the throat and buff tinges to the wing stripe.
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