Eurasian Linnet
Linaria cannabina
Small finch of open country, from wild moorland to rough grassland and weedy patches in urban areas. Like other finches, often forms flocks in autumn and winter; does not usually visit garden feeders. Generally looks small and rather dull, unless male is seen well, when reddish breast, gray head, and rusty-brown back are a distinctive combination. Drab female best identified by face pattern: broad pale crescents above and below eyes, and pale cheek patch. Listen for musical twittering song and dry tittering calls, often given in flight.
识别特征
The common linnet is a slim bird with a long tail. The upper parts are brown, the throat is sullied white and the bill is grey. The summer male has a grey nape, red head-patch and red breast. Females and young birds lack the red and have white underparts, the breast streaked buff.
分类信息
In 1758, the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus included the common linnet in the 10th edition of his Systema Naturae under the binomial name, Acanthis cannabina. The species was formerly placed in the genus Carduelis but based on the results of a phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences published in 2012, it was moved to the genus Linaria that had been introduced by the German naturalist Johann Matthäus Bechstein in 1802.<p>The genus name linaria is the Latin for a linen-weaver, from linum, "flax". The species name cannabina comes from the Latin for hemp. The English name has a similar root, being derived from Old French linette, from lin, "flax".<p>There are seven recognised subspecies:
- 学名
- Linaria cannabina
- 命名信息
- (Linnaeus, 1758)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Fringillidae
- 属
- Linaria
分布与栖息地
The common linnet breeds in Europe, the western Palearctic and North Africa. It is partially resident, but many eastern and northern birds migrate farther south in the breeding range or move to the coasts. They are sometimes found several hundred miles off-shore. It has been introduced to the Dominican Republic.
- 繁殖区
- PAL : temperate to subtropical w, c Palearctic in open lowland woodland, fields (alpine meadows in s): British Is., s Scandinavia e to Altay region (sc Russia), n Xinjiang (nw China) and far w Mongolia, in s to Madeira and Canary Is. (Macaronesia, w of n Africa), Morocco to n Libya, throughout Mediterranean to Turkey, Cyprus, Israel, w Jordan and w Syria, through Caucasus, n, s Iran, n Afghanistan through e Kazakhstan
- 非繁殖区
- short-distance movements
- 迁徙
- Complete migrants
行为
Open land with thick bushes is favoured for breeding, including heathland and garden. It builds its nest in a bush, laying four to seven eggs.<p>This species can form large flocks outside the breeding season, sometimes mixed with other finches, such as twite, on coasts and salt marshes.<p>The common linnet's pleasant song contains fast trills and twitters.<p>It feeds on the ground, and low down in bushes, its food mainly consisting of seeds, which it also feeds to its chicks. It likes small to medium-sized seeds from most arable weeds, knotgrass, dock), crucifers (including charlock, shepherd's purse), chickweeds, dandelions, thistle, sow-thistle, mayweed, common groundsel, common hawthorn and birch. They have a small component of Invertebrates in their diet.
保护状况
The common linnet is listed by the UK Biodiversity Action Plan as a priority species. It is protected in the UK by the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981.<p>In Britain, populations are declining, attributed to increasing use of herbicides, aggressive scrub removal and excessive hedge trimming; its population fell by 56% between 1968 and 1991, probably due to a decrease in seed supply and the increasing use of herbicide. From 1980 to 2009, according to the Pan-European Common Bird Monitoring Scheme, the European population decreased by 62%<p>Favourable management practices on agricultural land include:
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Gould's Toucanet
Selenidera gouldii
Beautiful small, multicolored toucan. Males have a black crown and underparts; in females, the black is replaced by chestnut. Note the black and orange patches on the bill. Inhabits lowland humid forest, seasonally flooded forest, gallery forest, and old second growth. Forages from middle levels to the canopy, usually in fruiting trees. Call is a deep and somewhat slow series of “ggrawnk” to “ggrraaw” notes, easily overlooked.
Plain-winged Antwren
Myrmotherula behni
Small, rare antbird found in lush cloud forest along the east slope of the Andes and in the tepui region of Venezuela, Guyana, and extreme northern Brazil. Male is dark gray with black throat and breast; extent of black is geographically variable. Female is brown with a pale throat. Similar to Slaty Antwren but lacks wing markings. Inhabits forest understory, where often encountered with mixed-species flocks. Song is a series of four to ten soft whistles.
Black-hooded Thrush
Turdus olivater
Medium-sized thrush of montane forests. Looks large and bulky compared to other thrushes in range; note male’s distinctive black head contrasting with brownish-olive body and yellow bill and legs. Female is similarly patterned but much duller. Found in highland forest and second growth, generally above 800 meters, where it is often the most common thrush. Most reliably seen at fruiting trees, where many individuals may congregate; also often seen at middle levels of forest, where it may take conspicuous perches to assess an observer before flying off. Song is a halting series of phrases, many of them doublets, generally alternating between rich, low notes and high reedy ones; call note is a rich, liquid bark. Male is unlikely to be confused with other species; female could be confused with female Pale-eyed Thrush but is larger, has darker eyes with distinct eyering and a semblance of male’s hooded look.
开始您的观鸟之旅
在户外识别鸟类，并在下一次观察时随手查阅鸟类图鉴。