Blue-black Grosbeak
Cyanoloxia cyanoides
Chunky, stout-billed bird of humid evergreen forest and edge in tropical lowlands. Usually found in pairs, often skulking at low to middle levels in lush vegetation. In typical views, looks simply dark. Note the large size relative to buntings, very stout bill, and broad tail, which can be twitched side to side. Male is deep blue-black overall. Female is rich dark brown overall. Sharp squeaky call often doubled and rather distinctive.
识别特征
The blue-black grosbeak is sexually dimorphic. Females have dark brown plumage which can have a slight reddish hue. Males are dark blue with lighter blue eyebrows and shoulder patches on their wings. The forehead, the area just above the beak, is also a lighter shade of blue.<p>Often blue-black grosbeaks will not be seen since they prefer to stay hidden among the vegetation, so most of the time their presence is known only when they vocalize. Their song is composed of about six whistles with decreasing pitch and ends with a "seee seee sewee suwee sweet suuu." There are slight differences in the songs between the three different subspecies.<p>The call is a sharp "shek" or "chit" and will often be repeated many times.
分类信息
The blue-black grosbeak is found in the family Cardinalidae, within the order Passeriformes. Although it is still sometimes placed in the genus Cyanocompsa, it was found that this genus is paraphyletic and contains members of the genus Amaurospiza and Cyanoloxia.<p>There are three subspecies in this taxa: Cyanoloxia cyanoides cyanoides, Cyanoloxia cyanoides caerulescens, and Cyanoloxia cyanoides concreta. Although these three subspecies are very similar, there are slight differences between them. Males all have dark blue plumage, however, C.c. concreta has the darkest of the three and is also the largest. Next, in terms of size and coloration, is C.c. caerulescens, followed by C.c. cyanoides, which has the smallest size and brightest plumage.<p>Originally there was a fourth subspecies, C.c. rothschildii, the only subspecies found to the east of the Andes. However, after examining the genetics of this subspecies, it was determined that C.c. rothschildii would be considered a separate species, Cyanoloxia rothschildii.
- 学名
- Cyanoloxia cyanoides
- 命名信息
- (Lafresnaye, 1847)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Cardinalidae
- 属
- Cyanoloxia
分布与栖息地
The distribution of the blue-black grosbeak is limited to the Central and South American. It is found in Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela.<p>Both C.c. caerulescens and C.c. concreta are found in Mexico and Central America, while C.c. cyanoides can be found from Panama to northern South America.<p>They prefer habitats which are dense with tall trees and undergrowth because this provides sufficient cover. Although not generally seen, the blue-black grosbeak can be found at edges of broadleaf forests.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The blue-black grosbeak construct little cup nests to lay their eggs in and normally have a clutch size of 2. The breeding season of the blue-black grosbeak takes place during the spring and summer months, however the peak period of the breeding season differs slightly between populations located in different areas.<p>Blue-black grosbeaks are omnivorous; they have been known to eat seeds and fruits, as well as insects like ants and caterpillars. They crush the seeds before they consume them.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Spiny-cheeked Honeyeater
Acanthagenys rufogularis
Medium to large honeyeater of inland Australia. Its heavily streaked plumage, large pale cinnamon throat patch and upper-chest are notable. Also note the dark tip to an otherwise pale pinkish bill. A fairly common species across the drier inland parts of Australia including parks and gardens in towns. Its loud and smooth calls are a characteristic sound over much of inland Australia.
Black-fronted Bushshrike
Chlorophoneus nigrifrons
Pretty bushshrike that has four different morphs. These vary by the color of the underparts: white with a pinkish breast, a black breast and yellow belly, yellow with an orange center of the breast, or red with a yellow belly. Found in forest, mainly at middle and high elevations. Often joins mixed feeding flocks. The most common vocalizations are repeated bell-like notes and low rasps. Variable, but in all morphs, separated from other bushshrikes by black extending above the bill and by the lack of a pale eye stripe.
Russet-winged Schiffornis
Schiffornis stenorhyncha
A chunky, dark brown bird of the forest understory. Occurs in the lowlands from Panama to Venezuela and Colombia. Uniform color, but slightly warmer rufous on wings and crown. Fairly large hooked bill is reminiscent of a vireo. Skulky and difficult to see; most often detected by voice. Listen for three-parted whistled song with one long note followed by two shorter notes.
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