Black-capped Kingfisher
Halcyon pileata
An unmistakable mid-sized kingfisher with a jet black head, white collar, and blood-red bill. It has purple-blue upperparts and pale orange-rufous underparts. Throat is white, blue tail has black underside, and in flight, white flashes on the underwings are conspicuous. Juvenile is duller blue with a small rufous-buff spot in front of the eye, a buffy collar, and dusky scaling on the breast. Calls similar to White-throated Kingfisher, but Black-capped’s are slightly higher-pitched. Frequents mangrove swamps and coastal wetlands, but often wanders up into hill streams.
识别特征
This kingfisher is about 28 centimetres (11 in) long. The adult has purple-blue wings and back, black head and shoulders, white neck collar and throat, and rufous underparts. The large bill and legs are bright red. In flight, large white patches or "mirrors" at the base of the primaries are visible on the blue and black wings. Sexes are similar, but juveniles are a duller version of the adult and show streaks on the throat. The call of this kingfisher is a cackling ki-ki-ki-ki-ki.<p>Usually seen on coastal waters and especially in mangroves, it is easily disturbed. It perches conspicuously and dives to catch fish, and also feeds on large insects. The flight of the black-capped kingfisher is rapid and direct, the short rounded wings whirring.<p>The breeding season is in summer. The nest is a tunnel in an earth bank. A single clutch of 4-5 round, white eggs is typical.<p>A subspecies palawanensis has been described, but the species is considered to be monotypic with no clear plumage differences across its range.
分类信息
The black-capped kingfisher was described by the French polymath Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon in his Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux in 1780. The bird was also illustrated in a hand-coloured plate engraved by François-Nicolas Martinet in the Planches Enluminées D'Histoire Naturelle, which was produced under the supervision of Edme-Louis Daubenton to accompany Buffon's text. Neither the plate caption nor Buffon's description included a scientific name, but in 1783 the Dutch naturalist Pieter Boddaert coined the binomial name Alcedo pileata in his catalogue of the Planches Enluminées. The type locality is China. The present genus Halcyon was introduced by the English naturalist and artist William John Swainson in 1821. Halcyon is a name for a bird in Greek mythology generally associated with the kingfisher. The specific epithet pileata is from the Latin pileatus meaning '-capped'. The species is monotypic.
- 学名
- Halcyon pileata
- 命名信息
- (Boddaert, 1783)
- 目
- Coraciiformes
- 科
- Alcedinidae
- 属
- Halcyon
分布与栖息地
The species is found mainly near the coast in mangrove forests and along estuaries and rivers. The distribution ranges from India (including the Andaman and Nicobar Islands where they occur even on remote islands like Narcondam), Sri Lanka, Kansu, Shansi, Korea, Malay Peninsula, Thailand, Burma, Ryukyu Islands, Bangladesh, Hainan, Philippines (Palawan, Balabac, Basilan, Tawi Tawi), Borneo, Sumatra east to Sulawesi where it occurs only in winter. Vagrants in winter have been recorded in Pakistan, while movements related to rainfall may lead to their being found far inland and away from their usual distribution.
- 繁殖区
- OR : India through Myanmar and China to Korean Pen.
- 非繁殖区
- to India, se Asia, Greater Sundas and Sulawesi region
- 迁徙
- Complete migrants
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Forbes-Watson's Swift
Apus berliozi
Brownish, mid-sized swift with powerful, direct flight. The wings are uniform, without significantly contrasting paler patches on the inside of the wings. Nest in caves and crevices, but can be seen in flight over many habitats, especially dry, montane areas. The call is a moderately-pitched descending trill. Very similar to Pallid and Common Swift, and separation is difficult in times and places where they overlap. Slightly darker than Pallid Swift and paler than Common Swift, with subtly different vocalizations. Also similar to African and Nyanza Swifts, but can be separated by the uniform wings without contrastingly pale panels at the base.
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Small, well-named ruddy dove of humid open and semi-open areas, often in villages and even towns, where sometimes perches on wires. Often in groups, sometimes even a hundred birds, which flush explosively from underfoot. Male is ruddy overall (but much paler in West Mexico); female is plain grayish brown overall, lacking scaly breast of slightly smaller Common Ground Dove. Like other ground doves, both sexes of Ruddy show bright rusty wing patches in flight.
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