East Brazilian Chachalaca

Tall, distinctively-colored crake. Grayish-brown body, with a big orange hood over the head and upper body; bright red eye. Not as closely associated with water as other crakes and rails; usually found in dense secondary growth. Early bamboo growth seems to be its favored habitat in some areas. Its song is often given in duet; a bouncing two-part whistle: “toot, toorrr, toot, toorrr…” that is easily imitated.

Mottled brown dabbling duck with distinctive striped head pattern. Note purple/green metallic panel on wing and slightly domed head. Common throughout range, often found on or beside ponds, wetlands, and rivers. Hybridizes with Mallard. Similar to female Mallard but note Pacific Black Duck’s darker coloration and distinctive striped cream head with gray bill, darker legs and feet. Also look for green speculum with black border in flight.

Small, bright yellowish leaf warbler with a black-striped head. Entirely yellow underparts and tail distinguish this species from Yellow-vented Warbler and White-tailed Leaf Warbler. Sulphur-breasted Warbler is extremely similar, but Limestone averages incrementally longer-billed and paler yellow on the underparts. Specialist of lowland and mid-altitude karst hill forest. Like other leaf warblers, forages actively in foliage, often in flocks. Song is a subtly descending series of high tinkling notes; Sulphur-breasted’s song is snappier-sounding, with a distinctly ascending quality. Call is a two-note exclamation with a quiet first half: “bi-DEW!”