Cinnamon-throated Woodcreeper
Dendrexetastes rufigula
Large plain brown woodcreeper of Amazonian lowlands. Reddish brown overall with olive brown underparts, a heavy gray bill, and fine white breast streaking on some individuals. Typically found in young forest and forest edge, often around rivers and lakes. Most other woodcreepers have much more prominent streaking. Compared to similar Plain-brown and White-chinned Woodcreepers, this species has a more even brown face without noticeable facial markings and a heavier, lighter gray bill. Listen for its song, an explosive, decelerating rattle punctuated with a low churr at the end.
识别特征
The cinnamon-throated woodcreeper is one of the larger woodcreepers, with a heavy body, short wings, and a short, stout, bill with a slightly hooked tip. It is 22.5 to 27 cm (8.9 to 11 in) long. Males weigh 64 to 74 g (2.3 to 2.6 oz) and females 66 to 77 g (2.3 to 2.7 oz). The sexes are alike. The nominate subspecies D. r. rufigula has mostly medium brown upperparts with a paler crown and rufous-chestnut wings, rump, and tail. A few whitish streaks span the nape and upper back. It is generally paler and more cinnamon-brown below. Its throat is a brightish rusty buff, its breast has wide black-edged whitish streaks that extend to the sides of the neck, and sometimes weak darker bars on the lower belly and undertail coverts. Its iris is red to light brown, its bill horn-gray, bluish horn, or brownish to dull greenish yellow, and its legs and feet slate gray, greenish gray, bluish black, or brown.<p>Subspecies D. r. devillei has a weaker pattern than the nominate, with much fainter streaks on the breast, none on the neck, and no bars on the belly. D. r. paraensis is very like the nominate, but with a bold white supercilium and rounder streaks on the breast and neck. D. r. moniliger is duller and less rufescent than the other subspecies, but has bolder streaking on the breast and neck.
分类信息
The cinnamon-throated woodcreeper is the only member of genus Dendrexetastes. Four subspecies are recognized:<p>Subspecies D. r. devillei has been proposed as a separate species but differs little from the others in voice.<p>The cinnamon-throated woodcreeper is genetically most closely related to the long-billed woodcreeper (Nasica longirostris).
- 学名
- Dendrexetastes rufigula
- 命名信息
- (Lesson, RP, 1844)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Dendrocolaptidae
- 属
- Dendrexetastes
分布与栖息地
The subspecies of the cinnamon-throated woodcreeper are found thus:<p>The cinnamon-throated woodcreeper mostly inhabits humid forest, both terra firme and várzea. In the Guianas it typically occurs in forest on sand ridges and savanna. It favors palm forest, the edges of evergreen forest, and mid- to late-age secondary forest rather than the interior of primary forest; it also frequently occurs on river islands. In elevation it mostly occurs below 500 m (1,600 ft) but is occasionally found as high as 950 m (3,100 ft) in the Andean foothills at the western edge of its range.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The cinnamon-throated woodcreeper is a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The cinnamon-throated woodcreeper forages alone or in mixed-species feeding flocks about equally, but less frequently in pairs. It hitches along trunks and branches from the forest's mid-level to the canopy and also creeps and probes among living and dead leaf clusters and epiphytes. Its diet is not known in detail but appears to be mainly arthropods with some fruit.<p>The cinnamon-throated woodcreeper's breeding season is not well known; in the Guianas it breeds in the dry season. It nests in a tree cavity, either natural or excavated by a woodpecker, and also sometimes in thatched roofs. The clutch is two or three eggs. The incubation period, time to fledging, and details of parental care are not known.<p>The cinnamon-throated woodcreeper sings mostly at dawn and dusk. One author describes the song as "a fast series of loud rattled notes, ascending at first and descending and trailing off at the end". It "always ends with a distinctive lower-pitched 'tchew' or 'trreew' note". Another describes it as a "very high loud series of ringing notes, sounding almost like a trill."
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Mayotte White-eye
Zosterops mayottensis
A small, sharp-billed warbler-like bird. Note the mostly yellow underparts, the broad chestnut flanks, and the bold white spectacles around the eye. Common on the island of Mayotte in habitats with woody vegetation, including mangroves, plantations, woodland, scrub, and gardens. Also present in remnant forest patches, though less common. Usually found in hyperactive flocks. In its small range, easily identified by the white spectacles. The most common call is a descending “chew” note, which is also the main component of the quiet, chatty song.
Cinnamon-tailed Fantail
Rhipidura fuscorufa
A distinctive songbird with a long tail, often cocked to expose the diagnostic cinnamon sides. Also note the gray back, cinnamon flash in the wing, and buff belly. Juvenile has a buffy eyebrow and spotted back. Inhabits forest, edge, mangroves, and scrub in low-lying areas, often boldly perching in the open. Frequently joins mixed-species flocks. The only gray-backed, long-tailed songbird in its range in the eastern Lesser Sundas. Song is a slow, lazy human-like whistle, “pe-pe-pee-pee-pee,” notably ascending on the last three notes. Also gives a nasal “chup” note.
White-eared Night Heron
Oroanassa magnifica
Rare and elusive night-heron with a bug-eyed, almost “alien,” appearance. Highly localized, seldom encountered far from its nesting colonies and roost sites. Black above with gray streaking on the chest and a clean white-and-orange head pattern, though this can be hard to see in poor lighting. Forages quietly in well-shaded forest streams, but most reliably seen in its small breeding colonies, usually hidden deep in a stand of bamboo or evergreen trees.
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